Oko language
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| Oko | |
|---|---|
| Ogori-Magongo | |
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| Native to | Nigeria |
| Region | Kogi State |
Native speakers | 40,000 (2006)[1] |
Niger–Congo?
| |
| Dialects |
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| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | oks |
| Glottolog | okoe1238 |
| ELP | Template:Endangered Languages Project |
| Linguasphere | Template:Infobox language/lingualist |
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Oko (ɔ̀kɔ́), also known as Ogori-Magongo and Oko-Eni-Osayin, is a dialect cluster spoken in Nigeria. It appears to form a branch of the "Nupe–Oko–Idoma" (Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.noi) group of Niger–Congo languages. The language is spoken in and around the towns of Ogori and Magongo in southwestern Kogi State and Edo state borders.
Classification
Oko is one of the Volta–Niger languages.
An automated computational analysis (ASJP 4) by Müller et al. (2013) grouped Oko within the Idomoid languages.[2]
Geographical distribution
According to Ethnologue, Oko is spoken in:
Varieties
Oko is a dialect cluster consisting of (Ethnologue):
- Oko (Ogori, Uku)
- Osayin(Magongo, Osanyin)
- Eni
Below is a list of Ọkọ–Eni–Ọsayin language cluster names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).[3]
| Language | Alternate spellings | Other names (location-based) | Speakers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ọkọ | Uku, Oko | Ogori (town name), Gori | 4,000 (1970??) |
| Ọsayin | Osayin, Ọsayin | Magongo (town name) | 3,000 (1970??) |
| Eni | 3,000 (1970??) |
Orthography
Oko is a language without a working orthography. Although some educated members of the Oko speaking communities have at one time or the other proposed an orthography for the language, for example, Akerejola (1971) and Adegbija (1993), none of their proposals have been duly given much recognition due to lack of literacy in the language.[4]Template:Rp
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labio- velar |
Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | |||||
| Plosive | Voiceless | p | t | k | k͡p | ||
| Voiced | b | d | g | ɡ͡b | |||
| Affricate | Voiceless | t͡ʃ | |||||
| Voiced | d͡ʒ | ||||||
| Fricative | Voiceless | f | s | h | |||
| Voiced | z | ||||||
| Trill | r | ||||||
| Approximant | l | j | w | ||||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Close-mid | e | o | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Low | ä |
Each vowel also has a nasal equivalent.[5]
See also
- Oko word list (Wiktionary)
References
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- ^ Oko at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Müller, André, Viveka Velupillai, Søren Wichmann, Cecil H. Brown, Eric W. Holman, Sebastian Sauppe, Pamela Brown, Harald Hammarström, Oleg Belyaev, Johann-Mattis List, Dik Bakker, Dmitri Egorov, Matthias Urban, Robert Mailhammer, Matthew S. Dryer, Evgenia Korovina, David Beck, Helen Geyer, Pattie Epps, Anthony Grant, and Pilar Valenzuela. 2013. ASJP World Language Trees of Lexical Similarity: Version 4 (October 2013).
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Atoyebi, Joseph Dele (2009). A Reference Grammar of Oko. Umuneke-Okpala, Nigeria: Leipzig University Press.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Atoyebi, Joseph Dele (2009). A Reference Grammar of Oko. Umuneke-Okpala, Nigeria: Leipzig University Press.
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