Onium

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Sidebar/configuration' not found.

File:Structure of Protonium.svg
An illustration of the protonium atom.

An onium (plural: onia) is a bound state of a particle and its antiparticle.[1] These states are usually named by adding the suffix -onium to the name of one of the constituent particles (replacing an -on suffix when present), with one exception for "muonium"; a muon–antimuon bound pair is called "true muonium" to avoid confusion with old nomenclature.[a]

Examples

Positronium is an onium which consists of an electron and a positron bound together as a long-lived metastable state. Positronium has been studied since the 1950s to understand bound states in quantum field theory. A recent development called non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics (NRQED) used this system as a proving ground.[2]

Pionium, a bound state of two oppositely charged pions, is interesting for exploring the strong interaction. This should also be true of protonium. The true analogs of positronium in the theory of strong interactions are the quarkonium states: they are mesons made of a heavy quark and antiquark (namely, charmonium and bottomonium). Exploration of these states through non-relativistic quantum chromodynamics (NRQCD) and lattice QCD are increasingly important tests of quantum chromodynamics.

Understanding bound states of hadrons such as pionium and protonium is also important in order to clarify notions related to exotic hadrons such as mesonic molecules and pentaquark states.

See also

Page Module:Side box/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Sister project/styles.css has no content.

Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Script error: No such module "Sister project logo".
Look up onium in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Footnotes

Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.

  1. ^ "Muonium" is the name assigned by IUPAC to an electron–antimuon bound state before the current convention became popular. So, despite its name, muonium is not a bound muon–antimuon onium. A muon–antimuon bound state is called "true muonium" to reduce confusion.

References

Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.

  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Walker, D.C. (1983). Muon and Muonium Chemistry. Cambridge University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-521-24241-7. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Labelle, P.; Zebarjad, S.M.; Burgess, C.P. (1997). "Nonrelativistic QED and next-to-leading hyperfine splitting in positronium". Physical Review D. 56 (12): 8053–8061. arXiv:hep-ph/9706449. Bibcode:1997PhRvD..56.8053L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.56.8053. S2CID 6258393.

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found.

Retrieved from "https://cosmopedia.co/index.php?title=Onium&oldid=4550418"