Ootheca

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File:Mantis egg 2005 Spring 001.jpg
Mantis ootheca

An ootheca /oʊ.əˈθiːkə/ (Template:Plural form: oothecae /oʊ.əˈθiːsiː/) is a type of egg capsule made by any member of a variety of animal groups such as mollusks, mantises, and cockroaches.[1][2][3] It is also referred to by its shortened nickname, "ooth".

Etymology

The word is a Latinized combination of oo-, meaning "egg", from the Greek word ōon (cf. Latin ovum), and theca, meaning a "cover" or "container", from the Greek theke. Ootheke is Greek for ovary.

Structure

Oothecae are made up of structural proteins and tanning agents[disambiguation needed] that cause the protein to harden around the eggs, providing protection and stability.[1] The production of ootheca convergently evolved across numerous insect species due to a selection for protection from parasites and other forms of predation, as the complex structure of the shell casing provides an evolutionary reproductive advantage (although the fitness and lifespan also depend on other factors such as the temperature of the incubating ootheca).[4][5] Oothecae are most notably found in the orders Blattodea (cockroaches) and Mantodea (praying mantises), as well as in the subfamilies Cassidinae (Coleoptera) and Corinninae (Phasmatodea).[6]

Functions

The ootheca protects the eggs from microorganisms, parasitoids, predators, and exposure. Its composition and appearance vary depending on species and environment.[7][8][3]

See also

References

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  1. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Brunet, P. C. J. (1 June 1951). "The Formation of the Ootheca by Periplaneta americana : I. The Micro-anatomy and Histology of the posterior part of the Abdomen". Journal of Cell Science. s3-92 (18): 113–127. doi:10.1242/jcs.s3-92.18.113.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael S. (2005-05-16). Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press. p. 230. ISBN 9780521821490.
  3. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Matthews-Cascon, Helena; Rocha-Barreira, Cristina de Almeida; Meirelles, Carlos; Bigatti, Gregorio; Penchaszadeh, Pablo (April 2009). "Description of the ootheca of Turbinella laevigata (Mollusca, Gastropoda)". Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. 52 (2): 359–364. doi:10.1590/S1516-89132009000200013. hdl:11336/97453.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Goldberg, Julia; Bresseel, Joachim; Constant, Jerome; Kneubühler, Bruno; Leubner, Fanny; Michalik, Peter; Bradler, Sven (16 January 2015). "Extreme convergence in egg-laying strategy across insect orders". Scientific Reports. 5 (1): 7825. Bibcode:2015NatSR...5E7825G. doi:10.1038/srep07825. PMC 4648384. PMID 25592976.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Tee, Hui-Siang; Lee, Chow-Yang (27 December 2016). "Influences of Temperature and Ootheca Age on the Life History of the Cockroach Ootheca Parasitoid Aprostocetus hagenowii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)". Journal of Economic Entomology. 110 (1): 213–220. doi:10.1093/jee/tow287. PMID 28028170. S2CID 7134811.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ootheca - Entomologists' glossary - Amateur Entomologists' Society (AES)".
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Insekten : [Autoren dieses Bd.: Kurt Günther ...] Günther, Kurt., Petzsch, Hans., Deckert, Kurt., Mauersberger, Gottfried., Crome, Wolfgang. ([Neuausg.], 1. Aufl ed.). Leipzig [u.a.]: Urania-Verl. 1994. ISBN 3332004980. OCLC 61813597.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Keller, Laurent (March 1998). "The Evolution of Social Behavior in Insects and Arachnids. Jae C. Choe, Bernard J. Crespi". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 73 (1): 110–111. doi:10.1086/420149.

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