Orsk
Template:Short description Template:DMCA Script error: No such module "Other uses". Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters". Orsk (Template:Langx) is the second largest city in Orenburg Oblast, Russia, located on the steppe about 100 kilometers (62 mi) southeast of the southern tip of the Ural Mountains. The city straddles the Ural River. Population: 239,800 (2010 census);[1] 250,963 (2002 census);[2] 270,711 (1989 Soviet census).[3] It lies adjacent to the Kazakhstan–Russia border.
Geography
The city is located where the Ural River turns from south to west and where the Or River comes in from the southeast (hence the name). It was part of the Orenburg Line of forts.
History
Orsk was founded (as Orenburg) in 1735 in the process of the Russian colonization of Bashkiria and the Southern Ural region.[4] The first settlement was founded by an expedition headed by Ivan Kirilov as a military fortification at the Mount Preobrazhenskaya on the left bank of the Yaik River (presently Ural River). Originally called Orenburg, its name was changed to Orsk in 1739. In 1743, the name of Orenburg was transferred to the town which is now known under this name; it is located 250 kilometers (160 mi) west of Orsk. At its foundation it marked a southeastern projection of European Russia toward the steppes of Central Asia. It housed an exchange post and Russian customs that dealt with traders from Kazakhstan and Asia.[citation needed]
From 22 June 1847 to 11 May 1848, the fortress of Orsk was home of the exiled Ukrainian poet and painter Taras Shevchenko. In 1861, the fortress was decommissioned and became a station of the Orenburg Cossack army. In 1865, Orsk was granted the city status and became the uyezd center in Orenburg Governorate.[citation needed]
The city grew dramatically starting from the 1870s. The population was mainly occupied with trade in cattle and grain, reprocessing of agricultural products, and various arts and crafts. Many women were involved in the business of weaving famous Orenburg shawls. By 1913, the population of Orsk was over 21,000, and by 1917 there were eleven churches and minarets, and sixteen educational facilities of various types and levels. During World War I, some Poles from Warsaw were interned by the Russians in Orsk.[5] During the Russian Civil War, from 1918 to 1919, Orsk withstood a three-month-long blockade and then four times changed hands between warring sides.[citation needed]
In the 1930s, the construction of large industrial enterprises, which drew their resources from the mineral rich soils of the region, started. One of the most notable stones excavated within the Orsk city line in the Mount Polkovnik is jasper. Orsk jasper is revered for its variety of natural designs and colors. All colors except for blue are represented in this stone.[citation needed]
On 3 October 2025, it was reported that the Orsk oil refinery had been hit by Ukrainian long-range drones during the Russo-Ukrainian war.[6]
Administrative and municipal status
The Administrative divisions of Orsk is consisted of 3 districts; Leninsky District, Oktyabrsky District and Sovietsky District
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with eight rural localities, incorporated as the City of Orsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[7] As a municipal division, the City of Orsk is incorporated as Orsk Urban Okrug.[8]
Demographics
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Economy
Orsk is the most important industrial center of Orenburg Oblast. The main industries are metallurgy, machine building, petroleum chemistry, food and light industries. The most important enterprises are Yuzhuralnikel, Orsknefteorgsintez (the SAFMAR Orsk refinery) and Yuzhuralmashzavod. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, chronic under-investment, sanctions and lack of reforms led to the loss of 50,000 jobs and 30 plants, Forbes.com reported.[citation needed]
Transportation
The city is served by Orsk Airport and there is an eponymously named former Russian Air Force base located northeast of the city.
Education and culture
A branch of Orenburg State Institute of Management (OSIM) operates in the city. Other than that, there is one major institute in Orsk: Orsk' humanitary-technological institute. There are also a number of different schools and colleges, State Drama Theater, Museum of Local History, Laboratory of Archeological Studies, Children's Art Gallery, Children's Folk Theater "Blue Bird" and a municipal brass band.
Some of the landmarks of industrial Orsk are 40 archeological monuments including ancient settlements, mass and single grave sites. Those that have been excavated became famous in the scientific world. For instance, grave sites in Kumak that date back to the Bronze Age provide convincing evidence to the hypothesis of Eastern European roots of Indo-European peoples.[citation needed]
In the grave sites that date back to the early Iron Age (7th–6th centuries BCE) left by Sarmatian tribes scientists found many ancient items including a clay vessel bearing the name of the Persian ruler Artaxerxes I, the sixth such vessel found in the world.[citation needed]
Notable people
- Yulia Kuzina (born 1976) Russian judoka, born in Orsk[10]
- Beder Yusupova (1901–1969) Soviet Bashkiria actress, and teacher from Orsk[11]
References
Notes
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ С.М.Стрельников. Географические названия Оренбургской области. — Изд. 2-е, доп. и испр. — Кувандык, 2002. — 176 с.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sula, Dorota (2017). "Pomoc Polakom – jeńcom w Imperium Rosyjskim w okresie I wojny światowej". Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny (in polski). 40. Opole: 86.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ukraine Claims Attack on Orsk Oil Refinery Deep Inside Russia". Bloomberg News. 3 October 2025. Retrieved 3 October 2025.
- ^ Law #1370/276-IV-OZ
- ^ Law #2367/495-IV-OZ
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Encyklopedyja powszechna (in polski). Vol. XX. Warszawa. 1865. p. 68.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Yulia Kuzina". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."- - страница". Театральная энциклопедия (Theatrical Encyclopedia). p. 2712. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2026.
YUSUPOVA, Beder Akhmetovna (b. 1902) - Bashkir Soviet actress. People's Artist of the Bashkir ASSR (1940), Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1944). Received pedagogy and education. Since 1917, she began performing in amateur performances. She was among the organizers (1919) and one of the first actresses of the Bashkir State Theater in Sterlitamak. Later she joined the Bashkir Academic Theater in Ufa. Among her best roles: Kruchinnina, Lyubov Yarovaya, etc. Lit.: "Teatralnaya zhizn", 1962, .? 12. A. Iv.
Sources
- Script error: No such module "Lang". (Legislative Assembly of Orenburg Oblast. Law #1370/276-IV-OZ of July 11, 2007 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Orenburg Oblast, as amended by the Law #2826/783-V-OZ of December 15, 2014 On Amending the Law of Orenburg Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Orenburg Oblast". Effective as of after the official publication date.).
- Script error: No such module "Lang". (Legislative Assembly of Orenburg Oblast. Law #2367/495-IV-OZ of September 15, 2008 On Adopting the Registry of the Municipal Formations of Orenburg Oblast and the Inhabited Localities They Comprise, as amended by the Law #3322/917-V-OZ of August 24, 2015 On Amending the Law of Orenburg Oblast "On Adopting the Registry of the Municipal Formations of Orenburg Oblast and the Inhabited Localities They Comprise". Effective as of after 10 days following the official publication.).
External links
- Page Template:Sister-inline/styles.css has no content.Script error: No such module "Sister project logo". Media related to Script error: No such module "Commons link". at Wikimedia Commons
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- Official website of Orsk Script error: No such module "webarchive". Template:In lang
- Orsk Business Directory Orsk.jsprav.ru Template:In lang
- Information portal of Orenburg Oblast. History of Orsk Template:In lang
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