Oryza
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Oryza is a genus of plants in the grass family.[3][4] It includes the major food crop rice (species Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima). Members of the genus grow as tall, wetland grasses, growing to 1–2 metres (3–7 ft) tall; the genus includes both annual and perennial species.[5]
Oryza is situated in tribe Oryzeae, which is characterized morphologically by its single-flowered spikelets whose glumes are almost completely suppressed. In Oryza, two sterile lemma simulate glumes. The tribe Oryzeae is in subfamily Ehrhartoideae,[6] a group of Poaceae tribes with certain features of internal leaf anatomy in common. The most distinctive leaf characteristics of this subfamily are the arm cells and fusoid cells found in their leaves.[7][verification needed]
One species, Asian rice (O. sativa), provides 20% of global grain and is a food crop of major global importance. The species are divided into two subgroups within the genus.
Species
Inside the genus Oryza, species can be divided by their genomes types (listed after each species name below). They include the diploid (2n = 24) Page Template:Visible anchor/styles.css has no content.AA of cultivated rice and their relatives, Page Template:Visible anchor/styles.css has no content.BB, Page Template:Visible anchor/styles.css has no content.CC, Page Template:Visible anchor/styles.css has no content.EE, Page Template:Visible anchor/styles.css has no content.FF and Page Template:Visible anchor/styles.css has no content.GG as well as the tetraploid (4n = 48) Page Template:Visible anchor/styles.css has no content.BBCC, Page Template:Visible anchor/styles.css has no content.CCDD, Page Template:Visible anchor/styles.css has no content.HHJJ, Page Template:Visible anchor/styles.css has no content.HHKK and Page Template:Visible anchor/styles.css has no content.KKLL. Species of the same genome type cross easily, while hybridizing different types requires techniques like embryo rescue.[8][9]
Over 300 names have been proposed for species, subspecies, and other infraspecific taxa within the genus. Published sources disagree as to how many of these should be recognized as distinct species. The following follows the World Checklist maintained by Kew Garden in London.[2]
- Oryza australiensis Template:Au (EE) – Australia
- Oryza barthii Template:Au (AA) – tropical Africa
- Oryza brachyantha Template:Au (FF) – tropical Africa
- Oryza coarctata Template:Au (KKLL) – India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar
- Oryza eichingeri Template:Au (CC) – tropical Africa, Sri Lanka
- Oryza glaberrima Template:Au (AA) – African rice – tropical Africa
- Oryza grandiglumis Template:Au (CCDD) – Brazil, Venezuela, Fr Guiana, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia
- Oryza latifolia Template:Au (CCDD) – Latin America + West Indies from Sinaloa + Cuba to Argentina
- Oryza longiglumis Template:Au (HHJJ) – New Guinea
- Oryza longistaminata Template:Au (AA) – Madagascar, tropical + southern Africa
- Oryza meyeriana Template:Au (GG) – China, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia
- Oryza minuta Template:Au (BBCC) – Himalayas, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Northern Territory of Australia
- Oryza neocaledonica Template:Au (GG) – New Caledonia
- Oryza officinalis Template:Au (CC) – China, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia
- Oryza punctata Template:Au (BB) – Madagascar, tropical + southern Africa
- Oryza ridleyi Template:Au (HHJJ) – Southeast Asia, New Guinea
- Oryza rufipogon Template:Au (AA) – brownbeard or red rice – China, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia
- Oryza sativa Template:Au (AA) – Asian rice – China, Indian Subcontinent, Japan, Southeast Asia; naturalized many places
- Oryza schlechteri Template:Au (HHKK) – New Guinea
Formerly included
Many species are now[<span title="Script error: No such module "decodeEncode".">vague] regarded as better suited to other genera:[2]
See also
References
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- ^ lectotype designated by Duistermaat, Blumea 32: 174 (1987)
- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Plants of the World Online: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". apps.kew.org. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
- ^ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 333. in Latin
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Tropicos | Name – Oryza L." www.tropicos.org. Retrieved 2016-09-14.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Oryza in Flora of China @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2016-09-14.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kellogg, E.A. (30 January 2009). "The Evolutionary History of Ehrhartoideae, Oryzeae, and Oryza". Rice. 2 (1): 1–14. Bibcode:2009Rice....2....1K. doi:10.1007/s12284-009-9022-2.
- ^ Heywood, V.H. Flowering Plants of the World 1993 Oxford University Press
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stein, Joshua C.; Yu, Yeisoo; Copetti, Dario; Zwickl, Derrick J.; Zhang, Li; Zhang, Chengjun; Chougule, Kapeel; Gao, Dongying; Iwata, Aiko; Goicoechea, Jose Luis; Wei, Sharon; Wang, Jun; Liao, Yi; Wang, Muhua; Jacquemin, Julie; Becker, Claude; Kudrna, Dave; Zhang, Jianwei; Londono, Carlos E. M.; Song, Xiang; Lee, Seunghee; Sanchez, Paul; Zuccolo, Andrea; Ammiraju, Jetty S. S.; Talag, Jayson; Danowitz, Ann; Rivera, Luis F.; Gschwend, Andrea R.; Noutsos, Christos; Wu, Cheng-chieh; Kao, Shu-min; Zeng, Jhih-wun; Wei, Fu-jin; Zhao, Qiang; Feng, Qi; El Baidouri, Moaine; Carpentier, Marie-Christine; Lasserre, Eric; Cooke, Richard; Rosa Farias, Daniel da; da Maia, Luciano Carlos; dos Santos, Railson S.; Nyberg, Kevin G.; McNally, Kenneth L.; Mauleon, Ramil; Alexandrov, Nickolai; Schmutz, Jeremy; Flowers, Dave; Fan, Chuanzhu; Weigel, Detlef; Jena, Kshirod K.; Wicker, Thomas; Chen, Mingsheng; Han, Bin; Henry, Robert; Hsing, Yue-ie C.; Kurata, Nori; de Oliveira, Antonio Costa; Panaud, Olivier; Jackson, Scott A.; Machado, Carlos A.; Sanderson, Michael J.; Long, Manyuan; Ware, Doreen; Wing, Rod A. (22 January 2018). "Genomes of 13 domesticated and wild rice relatives highlight genetic conservation, turnover and innovation across the genus Oryza". Nature Genetics. 50 (2): 285–296. doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0040-0. hdl:1854/LU-8631906. PMID 29358651.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ammi'Raju, Jetty; Song, Xiang; Luo, Meizhong; Sisneros, Nicholas; Angelova, Angelina; Kudrna, David; Kim, Hyeran; Yu, Yeisoo; Goicoechea, Jose; Lorieux, Mathias; Kurata, Nori; Brar, Darshan; Jackson, Scott; Wing, Rod (1 December 2010). "The Oryza BAC resource: A genus-wide and genome scale tool for exploring rice genome evolution and leveraging useful genetic diversity from wild relatives". Breeding Science. 60 (5): 536–543. Bibcode:2010BrSci..60..536A. doi:10.1270/jsbbs.60.536.
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