PL-12

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PL-12
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PL-12AE mockup at Zhuhai Airshow 2024
TypeMedium-range, active radar homing air-to-air BVR missile
Place of originPeople's Republic of China
Service history
In service2005-presentLua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
Used byPeople's Liberation Army Air Force

People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force
Pakistan Air Force

Myanmar Air Force
Specifications
Mass180 kilograms (400 lb)[1]
EngineDual thrust solid fuel rocketLua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
Operational
range
70–100 kilometres (43–62 mi)[2][3]
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Guidance
system
Active radar homing[4]
Launch
platform
Aircraft

The PL-12 (Template:Zh, NATO reporting name: CH-AA-7 Adze[5][6]) is an active radar-guided beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile developed by the People's Republic of China. It is considered comparable to the US AIM-120 AMRAAM and the Russian R-77.[4] The missile is succeeded by the PL-15 missile.[7]

History

File:JF17-10-113-1736.jpg
A model of an export version of the PL-12, SD-10A, (bottom-left corner) with a Pakistan Air Force JF-17 on display at the Farnborough Airshow 2010.

Development of the PL-12 (SD-10) began in 1997.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. The first public information on the PL-12 – then called the SD-10 – emerged in 2001.[8] Development was assisted by Vympel NPO and Agat of Russia.[9] Liang Xiaogeng is believed to have been the chief designer.[10] Four successful test firings were made in 2004.[9] The missile entered People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) service in 2005.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.

Design

The early batches of PL-12 missiles reportedly used the 9B-1348 radar seeker designed for the R-77 missile. The development process was assisted by Vympel NPO and Tactical Missile Corporation and benefited from Russian technology transfers.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. But as of 2018, the PL-12 was no longer reliant on Russian components for missile production.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.

The guidance system comprises data-linked mid-course guidance and active radar homing for terminal guidance.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. The missile uses a Chinese rocket motor[8] and airframe.[11] The PL-12 may have a passive homing mode for use against jammers and AEW aircraft.[8] The maximum range is estimated to be 100 kilometres (62 mi).Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.

PL-12's overall dimension is larger than the American AIM-120 AMRAAM. Per PLAAF assessment, PL-12's capability sits between AIM-120B and AIM-120C, and the improved PL-12A is claimed to be comparable with the AIM-120C-4. The domestic version of the PL-12 features a variable-thrust rocket motor with a range of 70–100 kilometres (43–62 mi), while the export variant SD-10 features a reduced range of 60–70 kilometres (37–43 mi).[12] According to the Royal United Services Institute, the range performance of PL-12 stands between AIM-120B and AIM-120C-5.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.

Variants

File:JF17-10-114-1739.jpg
SD-10A on display with the JF-17 light-weight fighter at the Farnborough International Airshow 2010.
PL-12
Domestic version with 60[13] to 100 kmLua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. range.
PL-12A
NATO reporting name is CH-AA-7A.[14] Improved PL-12 with a modified seeker, motor and digital processor. Reportedly fitted with passive mode for anti-radiation missions.[12]
PL-12C
Variant with folded control fins, designed to fit inside the J-20 weapons bay. Did not enter service and used to develop the PL-15.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
PL-12D
Variant powered by China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation[15] ramjet. Did not enter service and used to develop the PL-15.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
SD-10A (ShanDian-10, 闪电-10)
Export version of the PL-12 with a reduced maximum launch range of 37–44 miles (60–71 km).[16]
SD-10B
Enhanced SD-10A with better anti-jamming capability.[17][13]
LD-10
Anti-radiation missile based on SD-10.[18]

Operators

File:PL-12 operators.png
Map with PL-12 operators in blue

Current operators

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See also

References

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  1. ^ O'Rourke: page 21
  2. ^ Medeiros et al.: page 93
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Fisher, Richard D. Jr. (21 February 2010). "The Air Balance on the Taiwan Strait". International Assessment and Strategy Center. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
  4. ^ a b Cliff: page 8
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Barrie, Douglas (8 October 2021). "China fires longer-range AAM at export market". International Institute for Strategic Studies.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.The International Institute for Strategic Studies (15 February 2023). "6 Asia". The Military Balance 2023. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781003400226. ISBN 9781003400226.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Trevithick, Joseph (19 April 2026). "China's PL-15 Air-To-Air Missile Appears To Have Been Used In Combat For First Time". The War Zone. Archived from the original on 19 April 2026. Retrieved 31 May 2026.
  8. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Fisher, Richard D. Jr. (2 February 2008). "China's Emerging 5th Generation Air-to-Air Missiles". International Assessment and Strategy Center. Archived from the original on 21 October 2009. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
  9. ^ a b Medeiros et al.: page 92
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Fisher, Richard D. Jr. (18 September 2015). "Chief designer reveals data on China's new Luoyang PL-10 AAM". janes.com. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Fisher, Richard D. Jr. (21 November 2002). "Military Sales to China: Going to Pieces". International Assessment and Strategy Center. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
  12. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Newdick, Thomas (1 September 2022). "A Guide To China's Increasingly Impressive Air-To-Air Missile Inventory". The Drive.
  13. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Joshi, Sameer (6 February 2021). "How China is fast catching up with the West in the race for air-to-air missile superiority". The Print.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Barrie, Douglas (9 September 2022). "Air-to-air warfare: speed kills". Military Balance Blog. International Institute for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lin, Jeffrey; Singer, P.W. (12 June 2017). "This new ramjet engine could triple the range of Chinese missiles". Popular Science.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Newdick, Thomas (1 September 2022). "A Guide To China's Increasingly Impressive Air-To-Air Missile Inventory". The Drive. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jennings, Gareth (4 March 2015). "Bulgaria to be offered JF-17 fighter by Pakistan". Jane's Defence Weekly. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."LD-10 Anti-radiation Missiles". CN Defense.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Transfers of major weapons: Deals with deliveries or orders made for 1950 to 2021 (China to Pakistan, missiles)". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Archived from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2023. (750) PL-12 BVRAAM (2006) 2010-2021 (575) For JF-17 combat aircraft
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Transfers of major weapons: Deals with deliveries or orders made for 1950 to 2021 (China to Myanmar, missiles)". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Archived from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2023. (60) PL-12 BVRAAM (2015) 2018-2019 (24) For JF-17 combat aircraft
Bibliography

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