Papilio rex
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Scientific classification 
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Papilio rex, the regal swallowtail or king papilio, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in Africa.[3] It is a semi-montane and montane forest (1, 300 m. to 2 600 m.) species. The larvae feed on Teclea tricocarpa, Teclea stuhlmanni, Calodendrum, Citrus, Clausena, Fagara and Toddalia species. In the early morning and late afternoon adults of both sexes descend from the forest canopy to feed from the flowers of Lantana, Impatiens and Bougainvillea. It hilltops on granite outcrops and mud puddles.[4]
The Kenyan forms mimic Tirumala formosa, the forest monarch butterfly.
Description
The male is significantly larger than the female, but the patterns of the two sexes are similar. The male reaches a wingspan of 17 cm[1]. On the obverse, the wings are black or dark brown. The forewings are quite elongated, they are orange at the base and have white macules. The hindwings are rounded, white or cream in the basal area and crossed by black veins while the rest of the wing is studded with white macules. The underside is similar but the wings are slightly lighter and the orange part of the forewings is more extensive. The thorax and head are black and dotted with white macules, the abdomen is black above and white below and on the sides.
This species mimics the appearance of Tirumala formosa and more precisely of Tirumala formosa morgeni, a species of poisonous butterfly[
Taxonomy
Papilio rex is a member of the dardanus species group. The members of the clade are:
- Papilio dardanus Brown, 1776
- Papilio constantinus Ward, 1871
- Papilio delalandei Godart, [1824]
- Papilio phorcas Cramer, [1775]
- Papilio rex Oberthür, 1886
Subspecies
- Papilio rex rex (Kenya (east of the Rift Valley), north-eastern Tanzania, central Tanzania)
- Papilio rex mimeticus Rothschild, 1897[5] (Congo Republic, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, north-western Tanzania, western Kenya)
- Papilio rex franciscae Carpenter, 1928 (southern Sudan, south-western Ethiopia)[6]
- Papilio rex alinderi Bryk, 1928[7] (Kenya (highlands west of the Rift Valley))
- Papilio rex schultzei Aurivillius, 1904[8] (eastern Nigeria, highlands of Cameroon)
- Papilio rex abyssinicana Vane-Wright, 1995[9] (highlands of south-eastern Ethiopia)
- Papilio rex regulana Vane-Wright, 1995 (Kenya (highlands east of the Rift Valley))
Biogeographic realm
References
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- ^ Oberthür, C. 1886. [No title]. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France (6) 6: 114-115.
- ^ Papilio, Site of Markku Savela
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Afrotropical Butterflies: File C – Papilionidae - Tribe Papilionini". Archived from the original on 2014-02-22. Retrieved 2012-05-09.
- ^ Larsen, 1991 The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history 352, 443 (490 pp.). Oxford.
- ^ Rothschild, W., 1897 On a new species of Papilio from Uganda Entomologist 30 165 Full text
- ^ Carpenter, 1928. Two collections of butterflies from the S.E. corner of the Sudan. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 76: 25-54.
- ^ Bryk, F. 1928. Ueber den Mimetismus der afrikanischen Papilio-Arten. Societas Entomologia 43: 13-16.
- ^ Aurivillius, Per Olof Christopher, 1904 Insekten-Börse 21 (48): 363 Full text
- ^ Ackery, P.R., Smith, C.R., Vane-Wright, R.I. 1995. Carcasson's African Butterflies: An annotated Catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: i-xi, 1-803. ISBN 978-0-643-05561-2
- Carcasson, R.H. 1960 "The Swallowtail Butterflies of East Africa (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae)". Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society pdf Key to East Africa members of the species group, diagnostic and other notes and figures. (Permission to host granted by The East Africa Natural History Society)
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. ISBN 978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
External links
- Page Template:Sister-inline/styles.css has no content.Script error: No such module "Sister project logo". Media related to Script error: No such module "Commons link". at Wikimedia Commons
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- Butterfly Corner Images from Naturhistorisches Museum Wien
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