Paratriacanthodes
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Paratriacanthodes is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. These fishes are found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Taxonomy
Paratriacanthodes was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1934 by the American zoologist Henry Weed Fowler when he described P. retrospinis as its only species, he also designated as the type species of the genus.[1] When Fowler described P. retrospinis he gave its type locality as the China Sea in the vicinity of Taiwan at 21˚36'00N, 117˚27'00E, Albatross station D.5517 from a depth of Template:Cvt. Later in 1935 George S. Myers added a second species P. herrei from the Philippines and in 1967 James C. Tyler added a third, P. abei from the South China Sea.[2] In 1968 Tyler classified this genus in the nominate subfamily of the family Triacanthodidae, the Triacanthodinae.[3] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the family Triacanthodidae in the suborder Triacanthoidei in the order Tetraodontiformes.[4]
Species
There are currently 3 recognized species in this genus:[5][6]
- Paratriacanthodes abei Tyler, 1997
- Paratriacanthodes herrei Myers, 1934
- Paratriacanthodes retrospinis Fowler, 1934 (Sawspine spikefish)
Etymology
Paratriacanthodes prefixes the name of the type genus of the Triacanthodidae, Triacanthodes, with para, meaning "near to". This refers to the close relationship between Paratriacanthodes and Triacanthodes. The specific name of the type species, retrospinis means "backward spine" and refers to the backward pointing barb on the first spine in the dorsal fin and on the spine in the pelvic fin. The specific names of P. abei and P. herrei honour the Japanese ichthyologist Tokiharu Abe and the American ichthyologist Albert William Herre respectively.[7]
Characteristics
Paratriacanthodes spikefishes have a flat lower surface to the pelvis, the pelvis tapers to a point to the rear being much broader between the spines of the pelvic fins and at its rear, this feature places the genus in the subfamily Triacanthodinae.[8] These fishes have six spines in the dorsal fin and these descrease in size towards the rear, the smallest sixth spine is, however, still clearly visible. They have a smout which is not as long as the remainder of the ead. The gill slit is short and does extend below the base of the pectoral fin. There is a single row of large conical teeth in each jaw.[9] The largest species in the genus is P. retrospinis with a maximum published standard length of Template:Cvt.[5]
Distribution and habitat
Paratriacanthodes spikefishes are found in the Indo-Pacific with P. retrospinis having a wide distribution being recorded from East Africa, Japan, the Kyushu-Palau Ridge, the South China Sea, Australia and New Caledonia. P. abei, however, has only been recorded from the South China Sea and P. herrei is unknown outside of Philippines waters.[6] These spikefishes are demersal and are found at depths between Template:Cvt[10][11]
References
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ Template:Cof family
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Franceso Santini; James C. Tyler (2003). "A phylogeny of the families of fossil and extant tetraodontiform fishes (Acanthomorpha, Tetraodontiformes), Upper Cretaceous to Recent". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 139 (4): 565–617. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2003.00088.x.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 518–526. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- ^ a b Script error: No such module "Cite taxon".
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Matsuura, K. (2014). "Taxonomy and systematics of tetraodontiform fishes: a review focusing primarily on progress in the period from 1980 to 2014". Ichthyological Research. 62 (1): 72–113. Bibcode:2015IchtR..62...72M. doi:10.1007/s10228-014-0444-5.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Christopher Scharpf (27 August 2024). "Order TETRAODONTIFORMES: Families TRIODONTIDAE, TRIACANTHIDAE, TRIACANTHODIDAE, DIODONTIDAE and TETRAODONTIDAE". Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Santini, Francesco (2003). Phylogeny and biogeography of the Triacanthodidae (Tetraodontiformes, Teleostei) (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Toronto. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Keiichi Matsuura (2022). "Tetraodontiformes". In Phillip C. Heemstra; Elaine Heemstra; David E. Ebert; Wouter Holleman; John E. Randall (eds.). Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean (PDF). pp. 406–485.
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