Philotes
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In Greek mythology, Philotes (/ˈfɪlətiːz/; Ancient Greek: Script error: No such module "Lang".) was a minor goddess or spirit (daimones) personifying affection, friendship, and sexual intercourse.
This minor goddess also gave her name to a genus of butterflies native to North America,[1] which contains a single species, Philotes sonorensis.
Family
In Hesiod's Theogony, Philotes is described as one of the children of Nyx (Night).[2] In later genealogies given by Roman authors, she is the offspring of Erebus (Darkness) and Nox (the Roman name for Nyx).[3] Her siblings are said to be, among others, Apate (Deceit), Nemesis (Indignation), and Eris (Strife)
Mythology
According to Hesiod's Theogony, she represented sexual and social intercourse. Her siblings are said to be, among others, Apate (Deceit) and Nemesis (Indignation).[4] She was described by Empedocles as one of the driving forces behind creation, being paired together with Eris (Feuds); Philotes being the force behind good things and Eris being the force of bad things.[5] He also identifies her with Kypris (Aphrodite)[6] and mentions that Philotes feels hurt and offended by life-destroying offerings and demands the abstention from animal sacrifices.[7]
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Zirlin, Harry (Summer 2008). "True Blue, pt. 2" (PDF). American Butterflies. Morristown, N.J.: North American Butterfly Association: 38. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 November 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ Hesiod, Theogony 244
- ^ Hyginus, Fabulae Preface; Cicero, De Natura Deorum 3.17
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stephen Scully (2015). Hesiod's Theogony: from Near Eastern Creation Myths to Paradise Lost. Oxford University Press. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-19-025396-7.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stephen Scully (2015). Hesiod's Theogony: from Near Eastern Creation Myths to Paradise Lost. Oxford University Press. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-19-025396-7.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Felix M. Cleve (2013). The giants of pre-sophistic Greek philosophy. Springer. p. 354. ISBN 978-94-017-5665-5.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Felix M. Cleve (2013). The giants of pre-sophistic Greek philosophy. Springer. p. 390. ISBN 978-94-017-5665-5.
Further reading
- Gaius Julius Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
- Hesiod, Theogony from The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
- Marcus Tullius Cicero, Nature of the Gods from the Treatises of M.T. Cicero translated by Charles Duke Yonge (1812–1891), Bohn edition of 1878. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
- Marcus Tullius Cicero, De Natura Deorum. O. Plasberg. Leipzig. Teubner. 1917. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
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