Physocarpus
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Physocarpus, commonly called ninebark, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rosaceae. All but two species are native to North America; the two outliers being native to northeastern Asia.
The genus name Physocarpus comes from the Greek for "bladder fruit", referring to the inflated fruits of some species.[2] The common name 'ninebark' refers to the peeling bark of mature branches, which comes away in strips.[3]
Description
Physocarpus are deciduous shrubs with peeling bark[3] and alternately arranged leaves. The leaves are palmate with 3 to 7 lobes and often toothed edges. The inflorescence is a cluster of bell-shaped flowers with 5 rounded white or pink petals and many stamens. The fruit is a flat or inflated dehiscent follicle.[4][5]
Physocarpus opulifolius is cultivated as an ornamental plant. Several cultivars have been bred, particularly for foliage of varying colors, including 'Dart's Gold' and 'Luteus', which have yellowish leaves, and 'Monlo' and 'Seward', which have reddish purple foliage.[6]
Taxonomy
Species
There are six[4][7][8] to 20[5] species in the genus. They include:
- Physocarpus alternans Template:Au – dwarf ninebark (western North America)[9]
- Physocarpus amurensis Template:Au – Asian ninebark (Asia)[10]
- Physocarpus australis Template:Au[11]
- Physocarpus bracteatus Template:Au – (Colorado)[12]
- Physocarpus capitatus Template:Au – Pacific ninebark (western North America)[13]
- Physocarpus glabratus Template:Au – (Colorado)[14]
- Physocarpus malvaceus Template:Au – mallow ninebark (western North America)[15]
- Physocarpus monogynus Template:Au – mountain ninebark (North America)[16]
- Physocarpus opulifolius Template:Au – common ninebark (eastern North America)[17]
- Physocarpus pauciflorus Template:Au[18]
- Physocarpus ribesifolia Template:Au[19] – (Asia)
Synonyms
- Physocarpus hanceana Template:Au = Neillia hanceana Template:Au[20]
- Physocarpus intermedius Template:Au = Physocarpus opulifolius var. intermedius Template:Au[21]
- Physocarpus torreyi Template:Au = Physocarpus monogynus Template:Au[22]
- Physocarpus stellatus Template:Au = Physocarpus opulifolius Template:Au[23]
Cultivation
Propagation is by seeds sown as soon as ripe or they can be stored dry in airtight containers in a cool place for up to a year and then sown. Plants can be divided in the early spring, with a sharp spade or even an axe, chopping right through the middle. Softwood and hardwood cuttings are easy to root.
Garden writers describe few if any problems, but it is not unheard for armies of aphids to attack some varieties. Some seaside specimens exhibit powdery mildew in summer.
References
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- ^ Physocarpus Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Coombes, Allen J. (2012). The A to Z of Plant Names. USA: Timber Press. ISBN 978-1-60469-196-2.
- ^ a b Physocarpus opulifolius 'Diabolo'. Missouri Botanical Garden.
- ^ a b Physocarpus. The Jepson eFlora 2013.
- ^ a b Physocarpus. Flora of China.
- ^ Common Ninebark, Physocarpus opulifolius. University of Illinois Extension.
- ^ Oh, S. H. and D. Potter. (2005). Molecular phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of tribe Neillieae (Rosaceae) using DNA sequences of cpDNA, rDNA, and LEAFY. American Journal of Botany 92(1), 179–92.
- ^ Oh, S. H., et al. (2010). Phylogenetic relationship of Physocarpus insularis (Rosaceae) endemic on Ulleung Island: implications for conservation biology. Journal of Plant Biology 53(1), 94–105.
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- ^ P. amurensis Flora of China. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
- ^ P. australis Script error: No such module "webarchive". International Organization for Plant Information (IOPI). Retrieved 22 January 2012.
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- ^ P. glabratus Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
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- ^ P. pauciflorus International Organization for Plant Information (IOPI). Retrieved 22 January 2012.
- ^ P. ribesifolia Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 22 January 2012
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- ^ P. intermedius Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
- ^ P. torreyi Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved 22 January 2012.
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