Pipidae

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The Pipidae are a family of basal, tongueless frogs. There are 41 species in the family, found in tropical South America (genus Pipa) and sub-Saharan Africa (the three other genera).

Description

Pipid frogs are highly aquatic and have numerous morphological modifications befitting their habitat. For example, the feet are completely webbed, the body is flattened, and a lateral line system is present in adults.[1] In addition, pipids possess highly modified ears for producing and receiving sound under water. They lack a tongue or vocal cords, instead having bony rods in the larynx that help produce sound. They range from 4 to 19 cm (1.6 to 7.5 in) in body length.[2]

Taxonomy

Morphological data suggest that Xenopus is the sister-group of all other pipids,[3][4] whereas molecular data consistently suggest that Pipa is the sister-group of other pipids.[5][6]

Family Pipidae Gray 1825[7]

  • Hymenochirus Boulenger 1896 - dwarf clawed frogs (4 species)
  • Pipa Laurenti 1768 - Surinam toads (7 species)
  • Pseudhymenochirus Chabanaud 1920 - Merlin's dwarf gray frog or Merlin's clawed frog (1 species)
  • Xenopus Wagler 1827 - clawed frogs (29 species)[8]
    • Subgenus (Silurana) Wagler 1827 - common clawed frogs
    • Subgenus (Xenopus) Gray 1864 - tropical clawed frogs

Fossil record

The oldest fossil records of frogs more closely related to pipid frogs than to other extant frog families (Pipimorpha) extends into the Early Cretaceous. The oldest known crown group pipids are Oumtkoutia and Pachycentrata from the Upper Cretaceous of Morocco and Niger, respectively.[9]

Included taxa after A. M. Aranciaga Rolando et al. 2019[10]

However, a more recent analysis suggests that some of these taxa are only close relatives of Pipidae, but outside the crown-group. Furthermore, the composition of this crown clade (in terms of which extinct taxa are included) depends on whether or not the topology is constrained to reflect the molecular tree.[4]

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."AmphibiaWeb: Pipidae". Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. Retrieved 2009-10-25.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Zweifel, Richard G. (1998). Cogger, H.G.; Zweifel, R.G. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 86–87. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Báez, A. M.; Rage, J.-C. (1998). "Pipid frogs from the upper cretaceous of in beceten, niger". Palaeontology. 41 (4): 669–691.
  4. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lemierre, Alfred; Bailon, Salvador; Folie, Annelise; Laurin, Michel (January 2023). "A new pipid from the Cretaceous of Africa (In Becetèn, Niger) and early evolution of the Pipidae". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 21 (1). Bibcode:2023JSPal..2166428L. doi:10.1080/14772019.2023.2266428. ISSN 1477-2019.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jetz, Walter; Pyron, R. Alexander (May 2018). "The interplay of past diversification and evolutionary isolation with present imperilment across the amphibian tree of life". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2 (5): 850–858. Bibcode:2018NatEE...2..850J. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0515-5. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 29581588.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Irisarri, Iker; Vences, Miguel; San Mauro, Diego; Glaw, Frank; Zardoya, Rafael (27 April 2011). "Reversal to air-driven sound production revealed by a molecular phylogeny of tongueless frogs, family Pipidae". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (1): 114. Bibcode:2011BMCEE..11..114I. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-114. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3111386. PMID 21524293.
  7. ^ Pipidae at the Amphibian Species of the World 6.0 - AMNH
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Evans, Ben J.; Carter, Timothy F.; Greenbaum, Eli; Gvoždík, Václav; Kelley, Darcy B.; McLaughlin, Patrick J.; Pauwels, Olivier S. G.; Portik, Daniel M.; Stanley, Edward L.; Tinsley, Richard C.; Tobias, Martha L.; Blackburn, David C. (16 December 2015). "Genetics, Morphology, Advertisement Calls, and Historical Records Distinguish Six New Polyploid Species of African Clawed Frog (Xenopus, Pipidae) from West and Central Africa". PLOS ONE. 10 (12) e0142823. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142823. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4682732. PMID 26672747.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gómez, Raúl O. (July 2016). "A new pipid frog from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia and early evolution of crown-group Pipidae". Cretaceous Research. 62: 52–64. Bibcode:2016CrRes..62...52G. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.02.006. hdl:11336/59544.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Rolando, Alexis M. Aranciaga; Agnolin, Federico L.; Corsolini, Julián (October 2019). "A new pipoid frog (Anura, Pipimorpha) from the Paleogene of Patagonia. Paleobiogeographical implications". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 18 (7): 725–734. Bibcode:2019CRPal..18..725R. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2019.04.003. S2CID 197581931.

Bibliography

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