Pokhran
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Pokhran | |
|---|---|
Town | |
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| State | File:Flag of India.svg India |
| State | Rajasthan |
| District | Jaisalmer |
| Government | |
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| Population (2011) | Template:Fix comma category |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | Template:Fix comma category |
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| Template:Pluralize from text | Template:Pluralize from text |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Hindi, Rajasthani |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Template:Pluralize from text | 345021 |
| Template:Pluralize from text | Template:Pluralize from text |
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Pokhran (official spelling Pokaran; Template:Langx) is a town and a municipality[1] located 112 km east of Jaisalmer city in the Jaisalmer district of the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is situated in the Thar Desert region. Surrounded by rocks, sand and five salt ranges, the word "Pokaran" (पोकरण) means "place surrounded by five salt-ranges" in Rajasthani. The site for India's first and second underground nuclear weapon test is near Pokhran.
Geography
Pokhran is located 112 km east of Jaisalmer city, 172 km northwest of Jodhpur and 225 km south of Bikaner by road. It lies on Jaisalmer to Jodhpur railway line. It is situated at Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. and has an average elevation of 233 metres (764 feet).
It has arid climate as it lies in the Thar Desert and receives a little rain in the monsoon months July to September. Pokhran has extreme climate. It has extremely hot and dry summers from April to June though monsoon months are also very hot. The temperature in summer can reach 46°C during the day. The night temperature in summer is more than 30°C, Pokhran has very cold winters with temperature dropping to 1°C.[2]
History
Fort Pokhran
Fort Pokhran, the 14th century citadel also known as "Balagarh", stands amidst the Thar Desert. This monument is the premier fort of the chief of the Champawats, one of the clan of Rathores of the state of Marwar-Jodhpur. Fort Pokhran is open for visitors and is being currently run as heritage hotel by the royal family of Pokhran.
Sati Mata Memorial
On the outskirts of the town, the Satiyo Deval Sati Mata Memorial, a royal cenotaph, is freely accessible.
Former rulers
- Seat of Chief of the Champawats, a sub-clan of Rathores of the state of Marwar-Jodhpur.
- Bhawani Singh of Pokhran (b. 1911) was the last jagirdar of Pokhran before Indian independence. He was Sessions Judge and was elected to the 1st Lok Sabha, the Lower house of Indian parliament from Barmer-Jalore constituency, after getting elected as an Independent candidate in the 1952 Indian general election.[3][4]
Demographics
According to 2011 Indian census,[5] Pokhran had a population of 28,457 within Pokaran Municipal Board territory. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Pokhran has an average literacy rate of 56%, lower than the national average of 74.0%: male literacy is 68%, and female literacy is 41%. In Pokhran, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Pokhran Test Range
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| Pokhran Test Range (PTR) | |
|---|---|
| Near Jaisalmer in India | |
| Site information | |
| Type | Nuclear test site |
| Operator | File:Flag of Indian Army.svg Indian Army |
| Status | Active |
| Location | |
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| Coordinates | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Site history | |
| In use | 1970–present |
| Test information | |
Subcritical tests | N/A |
Nuclear tests | 6 |
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The Pokhran Test Range (PTR) is a key component of India's nuclear programme which is located outside the Pokaran Municipal Board jurisdiction and is controlled by the Indian Army. The army base is located 26 km north-west of Pokhran town and 4 km north of Khetolai village.[6]
The army base was built by the Indian Army Corps of Engineers and is under the control of the Indian Army. It was built sometime before May 1974, when, following authorization given to the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre by then-Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, it hosted the detonation of India's first nuclear device.
Nuclear testings
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On 11 and 13 May 1998, the Indian Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) conducted five further nuclear tests, dubbed "Pokhran-II", at the Pokhran range. Four AEC devices and, under the codename Shakti, a thermonuclear device were tested.
See also
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Sectoral Portal".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Weather in Pokhran| Weather Forecast Pokhran | Weather Report AdoorPokhran-NativePlanet". Archived from the original on 2 September 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Soszynski, Henry. "Pokhran (thikana) Genealogy". Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Members Bioprofile: First Lok Sabha". Lok Sabha website. Archived from the original on 24 June 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
- ^ Forty years after Pokhran nuclear tests, villagers complain of frequent cancer deaths, Scroll.in, 18 May 2014
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.FIles. "1974 Nuclear files". Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. Nuclear files archives. Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Smiling Buddha, 1974". India's Nuclear Weapons Program. Nuclear Weapon Archive.
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