Pristis

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This article covers the genus Pristis. For the family Pristidae, see sawfish.

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Pristis is a genus of sawfish of the family Pristidae. These large fish are found worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions in coastal marine waters, estuaries, and freshwater lakes and rivers.[3] Sawfish have declined drastically and all species are considered critically endangered today.[4][5]

Taxonomy

The scientific genus name Pristis is derived from the Greek word for saw.[6]

Living species

Recent authorities recognize four species:[4][5][7][8]

These are divided into two species groups. Most are considered a part of the smalltooth group, except P. pristis which is the sole member of the largetooth group.[9] Two additional species, P. microdon and P. perotteti, have historically been recognized, but in 2013 it was shown that they are conspecific with P. pristis as morphological and genetic differences are lacking,[9] leading recent authorities to treat them as synonyms.[5][7][8][10][11][12] Anoxypristis cuspidata was formerly included in Pristis, but it has a number of distinctive features (for example, no teeth on the basal quarter of the saw) and recent authorities place it in its own genus.[3][5][7]

Extinct species

According to Fossilworks, extinct Pristis species only known from fossil remains include:[13]

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Fossil rostal teeth of Pristis lathami from Khouribga (Morocco.)

However, among this list are some species considered invalid by recent authorities and others now generally recognized as belonging in Anoxypristis.[1][14][15] Fossil Pristis range from the Late Paleocene to the Quaternary period.[1][2] Fossils have been found all over the world.[13]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wueringer, B.E.; L. Squire Jr.; S.P. Collin (2009). "The biology of extinct and extant sawfish (Batoidea: Sclerorhynchidae and Pristidae)". Rev Fish Biol Fisheries. 19 (4): 445–464. Bibcode:2009RFBF...19..445W. doi:10.1007/s11160-009-9112-7. S2CID 3352391.
  2. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cicimurri, D.J. (2009). "A Partial Rostrum of the Sawfish Pristis lathami Galeotti, 1837, from the Eocene of South Carolina". Journal of Paleontology. 81 (3): 597–601. doi:10.1666/05086.1. S2CID 130683481.
  3. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Peter R. Last; William T. White; Marcelo R. de Carvalho; Bernard Séret; Matthias F. W. Stehmann; Gavin J. P. Naylor, eds. (2016). Rays of the World. CSIRO. pp. 59–66. ISBN 978-0-643-10914-8.
  4. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Pristis". International Union for Conservation of Nature, Red List of Threatened Species. 14 November 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  5. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Nicholas K. Dulvy; Lindsay N. K. Davidson; Peter M. Kyne; Colin A. Simpfendorfer; Lucy R. Harrison; John K. Carlson; Sonja V. Fordham (2014). "Ghosts of the coast: global extinction risk and conservation of sawfishes" (PDF). Aquatic Conserv: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 26 (1): 134–153. doi:10.1002/aqc.2525.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sullivan, T.; C. Elenberger (April 2012). "Largetooth Sawfish". University of Florida. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  7. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Eschmeyer, W.N.; R. Fricke; R. van der Laan (1 November 2017). "Catalog of Fishes". California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  8. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Last, P.R.; De Carvalho, M.R.; Corrigan, S.; Naylor, G.J.P.; Séret, B.; Yang, L. (2016). "The Rays of the World project - an explanation of nomenclatural decisions". In Last, P.R.; Yearsley, G.R. (eds.). Rays of the World: Supplementary Information. CSIRO Special Publication. pp. 1–10. ISBN 978-1-4863-0801-9.
  9. ^ a b Faria, V. V.; McDavitt, M. T.; Charvet, P.; Wiley, T. R.; Simpfendorfer, C. A.; Naylor, G. J. P. (2013). Species delineation and global population structure of Critically Endangered sawfishes (Pristidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 167: 136–164. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00872.x.
  10. ^ Template:Cite iucn
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Pristis pristis — Freshwater Sawfish, Largetooth Sawfish, River Sawfish, Leichhardt's Sawfish, Northern Sawfish". Department of the Environment and Energy. 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pollerspöck, J.; N. Straube. "Pristis pristis". shark-references.com. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  13. ^ a b Fossilworks
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Martien J P. Van Oijen; Vicente Faria; Matthew T. McDavitt (2007). "The curious holotype of Pristis dubius Bleeker, 1852 and the unravelling of Bleeker's sawfish taxonomy". Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 14: 37–49.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Introduction". Fossil Sawfish. Retrieved 17 November 2017.

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