Protocalliphora
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Protocalliphora or bird blowflies are a blow fly genus containing many species which are obligate parasites of birds.[3] Eggs are laid in bird nests. After hatching, the larvae suck the blood of nestlings. They sometimes feed inside the nostrils of nestling birds and destroy the tissue at the base leading to reduced growth of the upper mandible and the young growing with "shovel-beaks".[4] The species overwinter as adults.[5]
The genus is affected by Wolbachia bacteria and it has been suggested that horizontal gene transfer may have led to the difficulty in separating species of Protocalliphora through DNA barcoding, with several species possessing identical mtDNA Cytochrome oxidase I sequences.[6]
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hough, Garry de N. (1899). "Some North American genera of the dipterous group, Calliphorinae Girschner". Entomological News. 10. American Entomological Society: 62–66. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sabrosky, C. W. (1989). "Protocalliphora Hough 1899 (Insecta, Diptera) and its type species Musca azurea Fallén 1817: proposed conservation of usage by designation of a replacement lectotype". The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 46: 126–129. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.508.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sabrosky, Curtis W.; Bennett, Gordon F.; Whitworth, Terry L. (1989). Bird blow-flies (Protocalliphora) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in North America with Notes on the Palearctic Species. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 1–311. ISBN 9780874748659. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.McClure, H. Elliott (1962). "Ten Years and 10,000 Birds (Concluded)". Bird-Banding. 33 (2): 69–84. doi:10.2307/4510924. JSTOR 4510924.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stiner, Frederic M. (1969). "Overwintering by Protocalliphora metallica (Diptera: Calliphoridae)". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 62 (5): 1205–1206. doi:10.1093/aesa/62.5.1205a.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Whitworth, T.L; Dawson, R.D; Magalon, H.; Baudry, E. (2007). "DNA barcoding cannot reliably identify species of the blowfly genus Protocalliphora (Diptera: Calliphoridae)". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 274 (1619): 1731–1739. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0062. PMC 2493573. PMID 2493573.
External links
- Page Template:Sister-inline/styles.css has no content.Script error: No such module "Sister project logo". Media related to Script error: No such module "Commons link". at Wikimedia Commons
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