Psalm 97
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| Psalm 97 | |
|---|---|
| "The Lord is King" | |
| Hymn psalm | |
| Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. Psalm 97 in the Psalter of Eleanor of Aquitaine (ca. 1185) | |
| Other name | Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
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| Language | Hebrew (original) |
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| Psalm 97 | |
|---|---|
← Psalm 96 Psalm 98 → | |
| Book | Book of Psalms |
| Hebrew Bible part | Ketuvim |
| Order in the Hebrew part | 1 |
| Category | Sifrei Emet |
| Christian Bible part | Old Testament |
| Order in the Christian part | 19 |
Psalm 97 is the 97th psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in the English of the King James Version: "The Lord reigneth; let the earth rejoice", also as "The Lord is King".[1] The Book of Psalms is part of the third section of the Hebrew Bible,Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In Latin, it is known as "Dominus regnavit exultet terra".[2] The psalm is a hymn psalm;Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. the Jerusalem Bible calls it an "eschatological hymn".[3]
The slightly different numbering system in the Greek Septuagint version of the Hebrew Bible and the Latin Vulgate version of the Bible makes this psalm Psalm 96.
The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish and Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican, and other Christian liturgies. It has often been set to music, notably by Otto Nicolai as a German motet, and by Antonín Dvořák, who set it in Czech in his Biblical Songs.
Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).[4]
The extant palimpsest AqTaylor includes a translation into Koine Greek by Aquila of Sinope in c. 130 CE, containing verses 1–12.[5]
Themes
Psalm 97 foreshadows the messianic era when God will reign supreme over the earth. Its verses reference God's sovereignty, his enactment of justice, and the widespread rejoicing that will ensue.[6][7]
Uses
New Testament
In the Letter to the Hebrews in the New Testament, Script error: No such module "Bibleverse". relates a number of scriptural proofs that "the Son is greater than the angels",[8] including at verse 6, And let all the angels of God worship him.[9] The Masoretic Text version of Psalm 97:7 reads worship him, all ye gods but the Septuagint equivalent reads "προσκυνήσατε αὐτῷ πάντες οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτοῦ", worship him, all ye his angels. Biblical commentator A. F. Kirkpatrick suggests that the Hebrews quotation may have come from Psalm 97:7 or alternatively from the Septuagint expansion of Script error: No such module "Bibleverse"..[10]
Judaism
Psalm 97 is the third of six psalms recited during the Kabbalat Shabbat (Welcoming the Shabbat) service in Ashkenazic, Hasidic and some Sephardic communities..[11] These six psalms represent the six days of the week, with Psalm 97 corresponding to the third day (Tuesday).[6]
Verse 11 of the psalm, "Light is sown for the righteous...", is recited by Eastern Ashkenazi Jews at the start of the Kol Nidre service on Yom Kippur.[6][12]
Verse 11 is also one of the verses which the Shulchan Aruch (Code of Jewish Law) advises a person to say if he is having trouble falling asleep.[13]
Coptic Orthodox Church
In the Agpeya, the Coptic Church's book of hours, this psalm is prayed in the office of None.[14] It is also in the prayer of the Veil, which is generally prayed only by monks.[15]
Musical settings
Heinrich Schütz set the psalm in German as part of his setting of the Becker Psalter, which he published in 1628. Titled "Der Herr ist König überall" (The lord is King everywhere), it is catalogued as SWV 195. Henry Desmarest composed one grand motet "Dominus regnant" (unknown date). Jean-Joseph Cassanéa de Mondonville composed one grand motet "Dominus regnavit" in 1734. Johann Sebastian Bach based the first movement of a wedding cantata, Dem Gerechten muß das Licht, BWV 195, on Psalms 97:11–12 in possibly in 1727.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Friedrich Ludwig Benda set the psalm in German as a cantata for three soloists, choir and orchestra in 1786.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Otto Nicolai set Psalm 97 in German as a psalm motet for choir a cappella with solo passages, "Der Herr ist König" (The Lord is King) in 1832, published by Bote & Bock in Berlin in 1977.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Antonín Dvořák set verses 2–6 in Czech to music in No. 1 of his Biblical Songs, Op. 99, in 1894.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.[16]
Works for Anglican services include a setting by Joseph Barnby, The Lord is King.
Text
The following table shows the Hebrew text[17][18] of the Psalm with vowels, alongside the Koine Greek text in the Septuagint[19] and the English translation from the King James Version. Note that the meaning can slightly differ between these versions, as the Septuagint and the Masoretic Text come from different textual traditions.[note 1] In the Septuagint, this psalm is numbered Psalm 96.
| # | Hebrew | English | Greek |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.יְהֹוָ֣ה מָ֭לָךְ תָּגֵ֣ל הָאָ֑רֶץ יִ֝שְׂמְח֗וּ אִיִּ֥ים רַבִּֽים׃ | The Lord reigneth; let the earth rejoice; let the multitude of isles be glad thereof. | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| 2 | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.עָנָ֣ן וַעֲרָפֶ֣ל סְבִיבָ֑יו צֶ֥דֶק וּ֝מִשְׁפָּ֗ט מְכ֣וֹן כִּסְאֽוֹ׃ | Clouds and darkness are round about him: righteousness and judgment are the habitation of his throne. | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| 3 | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.אֵ֭שׁ לְפָנָ֣יו תֵּלֵ֑ךְ וּתְלַהֵ֖ט סָבִ֣יב צָרָֽיו׃ | A fire goeth before him, and burneth up his enemies round about. | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| 4 | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.הֵאִ֣ירוּ בְרָקָ֣יו תֵּבֵ֑ל רָאֲתָ֖ה וַתָּחֵ֣ל הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | His lightnings enlightened the world: the earth saw, and trembled. | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| 5 | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.הָרִ֗ים כַּדּוֹנַ֗ג נָ֭מַסּוּ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֑ה מִ֝לִּפְנֵ֗י אֲד֣וֹן כׇּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | The hills melted like wax at the presence of the Lord, at the presence of the Lord of the whole earth. | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| 6 | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.הִגִּ֣ידוּ הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם צִדְק֑וֹ וְרָא֖וּ כׇל־הָעַמִּ֣ים כְּבוֹדֽוֹ׃ | The heavens declare his righteousness, and all the people see his glory. | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| 7 | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.יֵבֹ֤שׁוּ ׀ כׇּל־עֹ֬בְדֵי פֶ֗סֶל הַמִּֽתְהַלְלִ֥ים בָּאֱלִילִ֑ים הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ־ל֝֗וֹ כׇּל־אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | Confounded be all they that serve graven images, that boast themselves of idols: worship him, all ye gods. | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| 8 | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.שָׁמְעָ֬ה וַתִּשְׂמַ֨ח ׀ צִיּ֗וֹן וַ֭תָּגֵלְנָה בְּנ֣וֹת יְהוּדָ֑ה לְמַ֖עַן מִשְׁפָּטֶ֣יךָ יְהֹוָֽה׃ | Zion heard, and was glad; and the daughters of Judah rejoiced because of thy judgments, O Lord. | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| 9 | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.כִּֽי־אַתָּ֤ה יְהֹוָ֗ה עֶלְי֥וֹן עַל־כׇּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ מְאֹ֥ד נַ֝עֲלֵ֗יתָ עַל־כׇּל־אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | For thou, LORD, art high above all the earth: thou art exalted far above all gods. | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| 10 | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.אֹֽהֲבֵ֥י יְהֹוָ֗ה שִׂנְא֫וּ־רָ֥ע שֹׁ֭מֵר נַפְשׁ֣וֹת חֲסִידָ֑יו מִיַּ֥ד רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים יַצִּילֵֽם׃ | Ye that love the LORD, hate evil: he preserveth the souls of his saints; he delivereth them out of the hand of the wicked. | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| 11 | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.א֭וֹר זָרֻ֣עַ לַצַּדִּ֑יק וּֽלְיִשְׁרֵי־לֵ֥ב שִׂמְחָֽה׃ | Light is sown for the righteous, and gladness for the upright in heart. | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| 12 | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.שִׂמְח֣וּ צַ֭דִּיקִים בַּיהֹוָ֑ה וְ֝הוֹד֗וּ לְזֵ֣כֶר קׇדְשֽׁוֹ׃ | Rejoice in the Lord, ye righteous; and give thanks at the remembrance of his holiness. | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
Verse 8
Zion hears and is glad,
And the daughters of Judah rejoice.[20]
'Zion' means Jerusalem, the 'daughters of Judah' the other towns in Judah.[21]
Notes
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- ^ A 1917 translation directly from Hebrew to English by the Jewish Publication Society can be found here or here, and an 1844 translation directly from the Septuagint by L. C. L. Brenton can be found here. Both translations are in the public domain.
References
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- ^ For example, in the International Standard Version: Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".
- ^ Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 96 (97) Script error: No such module "webarchive". medievalist.net
- ^ Jerusalem Bible (1966), Footnote a for Psalm 98
- ^ *Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans. pp. 35–37. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
- ^ *Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Schürer, Emil; Vermes, Geza; Millar, Fergus (2014). The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ: Volume 3.i. A&C Black. p. 497. ISBN 9780567604521.
- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Nulman, Macy (1996). The Encyclopedia of Jewish Prayer: The Ashkenazic and Sephardic Rites. Jason Aronson. p. 161. ISBN 1461631246.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gibbs, Philip (23 November 2017). "Psalm 97". HarEl. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ^ Jerusalem Bible (1966), sub-heading at Hebrews 1:5
- ^ Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kirkpatrick, A. F. (1901). The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes. The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Vol. Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL. Cambridge: At the University Press. p. 839. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kadden, Bruce; Kadden, Barbara Binder (2004). Teaching Tefilah: Insights and Activities on Prayer. Behrman House. p. 87. ISBN 0867050861.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kitov, Eliyahu (1999). The Book of Our Heritage. Feldheim Publishers. p. 81. ISBN 0873067681.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Buxbaum, Yitzhak (1999). Jewish Spiritual Practices. Jason Aronson. p. 557. ISBN 1568212062.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."None". agpeya.org. Retrieved 4 March 2025.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Veil". agpeya.org. Retrieved 3 March 2025.
- ^ Biblical Songs, Op.99 (Dvořák, Antonín): Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Psalms – Chapter 97". Mechon Mamre.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Psalms 97 - JPS 1917". Sefaria.org.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Psalm 96 - Septuagint and Brenton's Septuagint Translation". Ellopos. Retrieved 3 March 2025.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".: New King James Version
- ^ Jerusalem Bible, footnote c at Psalm 97:8, cf. Script error: No such module "Bibleverse". in the International Standard Version
Cited sources
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dürr, Alfred; Jones, Richard D. P. (2005). "Dem Gerechten muß das Licht, BWV 195". The Cantatas of J. S. Bach: With Their Librettos in German-English Parallel Text. Oxford University Press. pp. 753–757. ISBN 978-0-19-816707-5.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Mazor, Lea (2011). "Book of Psalms". In Berlin, Adele; Grossman, Maxine (eds.). The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973004-9.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pankhurst, Jennifer (2018). "The Conventions of Biblical Poetry". myjewishlearning.com. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Der 97. Psalm". Renaissance Musikverlag. 2018. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Biblical Songs". antonin-dvorak.cz. 2018. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Psalm 97". Carus. 2018. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
Further reading
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Peters, John P. (1910). "Notes on Some Ritual Uses of the Psalms". Journal of Biblical Literature. 29 (2): 113–125. JSTOR 4617110.
External links
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- Psalm 97: Free scores at the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
- Ps. 97: Adonai Malach Tagel Ha-aretz יי מלך תגל הארץ, recording of the last five verses of the Psalm as sung in Kabbalat Shabbat
- "Psalms Chapter 97", text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
- "The Lord is king; let the earth rejoice", text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
- "Psalm 97:1", introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
- "Psalm 97", enduringword.com
- "Hymns for Psalm 97", hymnary.org
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