Quercus geminata

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Acorns and leaves of a sand live oak in Florida
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Scientific classification Edit this classification
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Binomial name
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Synonyms[3]
List
  • Quercus virginiana var. maritima Sarg.Michx.
  • Quercus geminata var. grandifolia (Sarg.) Trel.
  • Quercus geminata var. reasoneri A.Camus
  • Quercus virginiana var. geminata (Small) Sarg.
  • Quercus virginiana f. grandifolia Sarg.

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File:Quercus geminata 002 (homeredwardprice).jpg
Sand live oak at sunrise

Quercus geminata, commonly called sand live oak, is an evergreen oak tree native to the coastal regions of the subtropical southeastern United States, along the Atlantic Coast from southern Florida northward to southeastern Virginia and along the Gulf Coast westward to southern Mississippi,[5] on seacoast dunes and on white sands in evergreen oak scrubs.[1]

Taxonomy

Quercus geminata is placed in the southern live oaks section of the genus Quercus (section Virentes).[6]

Appearance

A small- to medium-sized tree, the sand live oak is scrubby and forms thickets. The bark is dark, thick, furrowed, and roughly ridged. The leaves are thick, leathery, and coarsely veined, with extremely revolute margins, giving them the appearance of inverted shallow bowls; their tops dark green, their bottoms dull gray and very tightly tomentose, and their petioles densely pubescent, they are simple and typically flat with bony-opaque margins, having a length of Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.2–12 centimetres (3⁄4–4+3⁄4 inches) and a width of Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.0.5–4 cm (1⁄4–1+1⁄2 in). The male flowers are green hanging catkins. The acorns are small, 1–2.5 cm, oblong-ellipsoid or ovoid, and are commonly born in pairs on peduncles of varying lengths.[1][2]

The Florida Native Plant Society describes the plant as "Extremely drought tolerant" and a long-lived perennial.[7]

Description

In coastal Florida's evergreen oak scrub, the sand live oak is a ubiquitous and abundant species; the threatened Florida scrub-jay is found only in Florida scrub.[8][9] Live oaks, having characteristics of the sand live oak and the southern live oak (Q. virginiana), grow further inland.[citation needed]

Hybrids

Hybridization is common among oaks, which thus creates uncertainty in the exact boundaries of species' ranges.[10] Hybrids have been documented between Q. geminata and Q. virginiana,[1] but the two pure species are genetically and morphologically distinct.[11] The Cuban oak, Q. sagraeana, has been purported to be a hybrid[12][13] between the sand live oak and Q. oleoides, but recent evidence argues that the Cuban oak is a distinct species without hybrid origin.[14]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kurz, Herman; Godfrey, Robert K. (1962), Trees of Northern Florida, Gainesville, Florida, US: University Press of Florida, pp. 75–77, ISBN 978-0-8130-0666-6 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  2. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Nelson, Gil (1994), The Trees of Florida: A Reference and Field Guide, Sarasota, Florida, US: Pineapple Press, p. 86,185,186,196, ISBN 978-1-56164-055-3
  3. ^ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
  4. ^ Template:Cite iucn
  5. ^ [1] "FloriData — Quercus geminata", Retrieved 2011-07-06
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017). "Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks" (xls). figshare. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.5547622.v1. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Florida Native Plant Society (FNPS)". www.fnps.org. Retrieved 2024-05-02.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Scrub", archived from the original on June 1, 2011, retrieved July 8, 2011 "The University of Florida – School of Forest Resources & Conservation — Scrub", Retrieved 2011-07-08
  9. ^ [2] Script error: No such module "webarchive". "An Ecological Overview Of Scrub Habitat And Florida Scrub-Jays In Brevard County", Retrieved 2011-07-08
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gailing, Oliver (2017). "Hybridization and management of oak populations". In: Sniezko, Richard A.; Man, Gary; Hipkins, Valerie; Woeste, Keith; Gwaze, David; Kliejunas, John T.; McTeague, Brianna A., tech. cords. 2017. Gene conservation of tree species—banking on the future. Proceedings of a workshop. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-963. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. p. 94. 963.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cavender-Bares, Jeannine; Pahlich, Anette (2009), "Molecular, morphological and ecological niche differentiation of sympatric sister oak species, Quercus virginiana and Q. geminata (Fagaceae)", American Journal of Botany, 96 (9): 1690–1702, doi:10.3732/ajb.0800315, PMID 21622355
  12. ^ Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Muller, Cornelius H. (1955), "The origin of Quercus on Cuba", Revista de la Sociedad Cubana de Botánica, 7: 41–47
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gugger, Paul F.; Cavender-Bares, Jeannine (2012), "Molecular and morphological support for a Florida origin of the Cuban oak", Journal of Biogeography, 40 (4): 632–645, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02610.x

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