Quintillus
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| Quintillus | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. Aureus depicting Quintillus. Inscription reads IMP C M AVR QVINTILLVS AVG | |||||||||
| Roman emperor | |||||||||
| Reign | 270 (17–77 days) | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Claudius Gothicus | ||||||||
| Successor | Aurelian | ||||||||
| Born | Script error: No such module "person date". Sirmium, Pannonia Inferior (Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia) | ||||||||
| Died | Script error: No such module "person date". Aquileia, Italy | ||||||||
| Issue | 2 sons | ||||||||
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Marcus Aurelius Claudius Quintillus (died 270) was a short-lived Roman emperor. He took power after the death of his brother, Emperor Claudius Gothicus, in 270. After reigning for a few weeks Quintillus was overthrown by Aurelian, who had been proclaimed rival emperor by the legions he commanded. The ancient sources variously report him to have killed himself, to have fallen in battle against Aurelian, or to have been murdered by his own soldiers.
Early life
Marcus Aurelius Claudius Quintillus' exact birthplace is unknown. An Illyrian, he was likely born in Pannonia Inferior, as is indicated by his coinage.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Originating from a low-born family, Quintillus came to prominence with the accession of his brother Claudius Gothicus to the imperial throne in 268. Quintillus was possibly made Procurator of Sardinia during his brother's reign.
Reign of Quintillus
Quintillus was declared emperor after Claudius died in 270. Eutropius reports Quintillus to have been elected by soldiers of the Roman army immediately following the death of his brother;Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. the choice was reportedly approved by the Roman Senate. Joannes Zonaras reports him elected by the Senate itself.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Records, however, agree that the legions which had followed Claudius in campaigning along the Danube were either unaware or disapproving of Quintillus' elevation. They instead elevated their current leader Aurelian as emperor.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
The few records of Quintillus' reign are contradictory. It is variously reported to have lasted 17 days (Jerome, Eutropius and Zonaras), 77 days (Filocalus), or "a few months" (Zosimus). Modern scholars believe "17" to be a misreading of a larger number, since Quintillus had time to produce an abundance of coins.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.[2] Records also disagree on the cause of his death. The Historia Augusta reports him murdered by his own soldiers in reaction to his strict military discipline.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Jerome says that he was slain at Aquileia, without further specifics.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. According to Joannes Zonaras, Quintillus opened his veins and bled himself to death;Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. John of Antioch concurs, adding that the suicide was assisted by a physician.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Claudius Salmasius noted that Dexippus recorded the death without stating causes.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. All records, however, agree in placing the death at Aquileia. Quintillus was reportedly survived by his two sons.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
The Historia Augusta reports Claudius and Quintillus having another brother named Crispus and through him a niece, Claudia, who reportedly married Eutropius and was mother to Constantius Chlorus.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Some historians however suspect this account to be a genealogical fabrication to flatter Constantine I.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
Legacy
His reign was very short and he never managed to visit Rome as emperor. Surviving Roman records considered Quintillus a moderate and capable emperor.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. He was seen as a champion of the Senate and thus compared to previous emperors Galba and Pertinax. All three were highly regarded by senatorial sources despite their failure to survive a full year of reign.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. In his reign the priestly offices held by the emperor were separated and the image of the emperor as pontifex maximus was abandoned.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
See also
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cooley, Alison E. (2012). The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy. Cambridge University Press. p. 500. ISBN 978-0-521-84026-2.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Syvänne, Ilkka (2020). Aurelian and Probus. Pen and Sword. p. 65. ISBN 9781526767530.
Sources
Ancient sources
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jerome (2005) [c. 380]. Chronicon. Translated by Roger Pearse.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Aurelius Victor (2018) [c. 400]. Epitome de Caesaribus. Translated by Thomas M. Banchich.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Eutropius (1853) [c. 380]. Breviarium ab urbe condita. Translated by John Selby Watson.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Live of Claudius". Historia Augusta. Translated by David Magie. 1913.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Joannes Zonaras (2008) [c. 1120]. Epitome Historiarum. Translated by Basileos Nestor. Archived from the original on 21 May 2008.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Zosimus (1814) [c. 500]. Nova Historia. Translated by J. Davis.
Secondary sources
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Manders, Erika (2012). Coining Images of Power: Patterns in the Representation of Roman Emperors on Imperial Coinage, A.D. 193-284. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004189706.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Banchich, Thomas (1999). "Quintillus (270 A.D)". De Imperatoribus Romanis. Archived from the original on 17 March 2022.
- Jones, A.H.M.; Martindale, J.R., Morris, J. (1971). Quintillus 1. The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire I. Cambridge University Press, p. 759. Template:ISBN
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