Radical 51
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| Script error: No such module "Lang". | |
|---|---|
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| Script error: No such module "Lang". (U+5E72) "oppose, dried" | |
| Pronunciations | |
| Pinyin: | gān |
| Bopomofo: | ㄍㄢ |
| Gwoyeu Romatzyh: | gan |
| Wade–Giles: | kan1 |
| Cantonese Yale: | gōn |
| Jyutping: | gon1 |
| Pe̍h-ōe-jī: | kan |
| Japanese Kana: | Script error: No such module "Lang". (on'yomi) Script error: No such module "Lang". (kun'yomi) |
| Sino-Korean: | 간 gan |
| Names | |
| Japanese name(s): | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| Hangul: | 방패 banpae |
| Stroke order animation | |
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | |
Radical 51 or radical dry (Script error: No such module "Lang".) meaning "oppose" or "dried" is one of 31 out of the total 214 Kangxi radicals written with three strokes.
There are only nine characters derived from this radical, and some modern dictionaries have discontinued its use as a section header. In such characters that comprise 干 as a component, it mostly takes a purely phonetic role, as in 肝 "liver" (which falls under radical 130 肉 "meat").
Script error: No such module "Lang". is also the 27th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China.
Evolution
-
Oracle bone script character
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Bronze script character
-
Large Seal Script character
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Small Seal Script character
In origin, the character may depict either a pestle or a shield.[citation needed] It can be traced to the seal script.
Derived characters
| Strokes | Characters |
|---|---|
| + 0 | 干 |
| + 2 | 平SC/TC/JP/平KO |
| + 3 | 年 幵 并 (also SC form of 並 -> 一 / 併 -> 人) |
| + 5 | 幷/幷Kangxi (=并) 幸 |
| +10 | 幹 |
In simplified Chinese
As a character (not a radical), 干 has risen to new importance, and even notoriety due to the 20th-century Chinese writing reform. In simplified Chinese, Page Template:Script/styles.css has no content.干Template:Script/doc/id-unk takes the place of a number of other characters with the phonetic value gān or gàn, e.g. of 乾 "dry" or 幹 "trunk, body", so that 干 may today take a wide variety of meanings.
The high frequency and polysemy of the character pose a serious problem for Chinese translation software. The word 幹 Script error: No such module "Lang". "tree trunk; to do" (rarely also "human body"), rendered as 干 in simplified Chinese, acquired the meaning of "to fuck" in Chinese slang. Notoriously, the 2002 edition of the widespread Jinshan Ciba Chinese-to-English dictionary for the Jinshan Kuaiyi translation software rendered every occurrence of 干 as "fuck", resulting in a large number of signs with irritating English translations throughout China, often mistranslating 乾 Script error: No such module "Lang". "dried" as in 干果 "dried fruit" in supermarkets as "fuck the fruits" or similar.[1]
Sinogram
The radical is also used as an independent Chinese character. It is one of the Kyōiku kanji or Kanji taught in elementary school in Japan.[2] It is a fifth grade kanji.[2]
See also
References
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- ^ Victor Mair, The Etiology and Elaboration of a Flagrant Mistranslation, Language Log, December 2007.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Kyoiku Kanji (教育漢字) - Kanshudo". www.kanshudo.com. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved 2023-05-06.
Literature
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Fazzioli, Edoardo (1987). Chinese calligraphy : from pictograph to ideogram: the history of 214 essential Chinese/Japanese characters. calligraphy by Rebecca Hon Ko. New York: Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-89659-774-1.
- Leyi Li: "Tracing the Roots of Chinese Characters: 500 Cases". Beijing 1993, Template:ISBN
- Rick Harbaugh, Chinese Characters: A Genealogy and Dictionary, Yale University Press (1998), Template:ISBN.[1]
External links
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