Rhodesian dollar
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| ISO 4217 | |
|---|---|
| Code | Template:ISO 4217/code |
| Subunit | Template:ISO 4217/code-minor-unit |
| Unit | |
| Symbol | $ |
| Denominations | |
| Subunit | |
| Page Template:Nobold/styles.css has no content. Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.1⁄100 | cent |
| Banknotes | 1, 2, 5, 10 dollars |
| Coins | Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.1⁄2, 1, Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.2+1⁄2, 5, 10, 20, 25 cents |
| Demographics | |
| Date of introduction | 17 February 1970 |
| Replaced | Rhodesian pound |
| Date of withdrawal | 1980 |
| Replaced by | Zimbabwean dollar |
| User(s) | Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content. |
| Issuance | |
| Central bank | Reserve Bank of Rhodesia |
| This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete. | |
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The Rhodesian dollar (R$ or Rh$, Template:ISO 4217) was the currency of Rhodesia between 1970 and 1980. It was subdivided into 100 cents.
History
The dollar was introduced on 17 February 1970, roughly two weeks before the declaration of a republic on 2 March 1970. It replaced the Rhodesian pound at a rate of 2 dollars to 1 pound. The dollar proved to be a strong currency, at parity with the pound sterling right up to the very end of Rhodesia in 1980, when it was replaced by the Zimbabwean dollar at par. However, the Rhodesian dollar was never a fully convertible currency and its exchange rate was therefore not an indication of the underlying economics.
Half pound
In adopting the Rhodesian dollar, Rhodesia followed the pattern of South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand in that when it adopted the decimal system, it decided to use the half pound unit as opposed to the pound unit of account. The choice of the name dollar was favoured by the then Minister of Finance, John Wrathall, who regarded it as having international substance.[1]
Coins
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On 17 February 1970 the Rhodesian dollar was introduced and was par to the Pound; the currency was manufactured as follows - bronze Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.1⁄2 and 1 cent and cupro-nickel Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.2+1⁄2 cent coins were introduced, which circulated alongside the earlier coins of the Rhodesian pound for 5, 10, 20 and 25 cents, which were also denominated in shillings and pence. New 5-cent coins were introduced in 1973, followed by 10, 20 and 25 cents in 1975. Coins were struck until 1977 at the South African Mint in Pretoria.
Rhodesia had both Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.1⁄2 Cent and Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.2+1⁄2 Cents coins, just like in South Africa.
- The Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.1⁄2 Cent coin was struck between 1970 and 1977 - with the 1977 Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.1⁄2 Cent being extremely rare, with 10 coins known.
- The Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.2+1⁄2 Cents (Tickey) was struck in 1970 only.
- The 5 Cents was struck in 1973 and between 1975 and 1977.
- The 10 and 25 Cents was struck in 1975 only.
- The 20 Cents was struck in 1975 and 1977.
Tommy Sasseen was the designer of all Rhodesian coins from 1964 to 1968 (reverse only) and 1970 to 1977 (both obverse and reverse).
Banknotes
On 17 February 1970, the Reserve Bank of Rhodesia introduced notes in denominations of 1, 2 and 10 dollars.[2] 5-dollar notes were added in 1972.
| Pick No. (of example image) |
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Watermark | printing | issue | withdrawal | |||||
| 34c | File:Rhodesia $1 1978 Obverse.png | File:Rhodesia $1 1978 Reverse.png | $1 | 134 × 75 mm | Blue | Zimbabwe Bird | Tobacco field | Cecil John Rhodes | 1970 - 1978 | 17 February 1970 | ||
| 31d | File:Rhodesia $2 1970 Obverse.png | File:Rhodesia $2 1970 Reverse.png | $2 | 149 × 83 mm | Red | Flame lily | Victoria Falls | Cecil John Rhodes | 1970 - 1978 | 17 February 1970 | ||
| 36b | File:Rhodesia $5 1978 Obverse.png | File:Rhodesia $5 1978 Reverse.png | $5 | 152 × 86 mm | Brown | Giraffe | Lions | Cecil John Rhodes | 1972 - 1978 | 16 October 1972 | ||
| 37a | File:Rhodesia $10 1976 Obverse.png | File:Rhodesia $10 1976 Reverse.png | $10 | 158 × 88 mm | Grey | Sable antelope | Great Zimbabwe | Cecil John Rhodes | 1970 - 1978 | 17 February 1970 | ||
On 2 January 1979, the Reserve Bank of Rhodesia replaced the watermark of Cecil Rhodes with that of the Zimbabwe Bird, following the Internal Settlement, which saw the country renamed Zimbabwe Rhodesia.
| Pick No. |
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Watermark | printing | issue | withdrawal | |||||
| 38 | File:Rhodesia $1 1979 Obverse.png | File:Rhodesia $1 1979 Reverse.png | $1 | 134 × 75 mm | Blue | Zimbabwe Bird | Tobacco field | Zimbabwe Bird | 1979 - 1980 | 2 August 1979 | ||
| 39 | File:Rhodesia $2 1979 Obverse.png | File:Rhodesia $2 1979 Reverse.png | $2 | 149 × 83 mm | Red | Flame lily | Victoria Falls | Zimbabwe Bird | 1979 - 1980 | 24 May 1979 | ||
| 40 | File:Rhodesia $5 1979 Obverse.png | File:Rhodesia $5 1979 Reverse.png | $5 | 152 × 86 mm | Brown | Giraffe | Lions | Zimbabwe Bird | 1979 - 1980 | 15 May 1979 | ||
| 41 | File:Rhodesia $10 1979 Obverse.png | File:Rhodesia $10 1979 Reverse.png | $10 | 158 × 88 mm | Grey | Sable antelope | Great Zimbabwe | Zimbabwe Bird | 1979 - 1980 | 2 January 1979 | ||
Exchange rate history
This table shows the historical value of one Rhodesian dollar.
| Date | Official Rate | Free / Parallel Rate | notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 (Feb) | US$1.40 | — | Parallel market starts 1970 (July) |
| 1971 (Aug) | Template:ZAR | (−30%) Template:ZAR | Pegged to the ZA Rand |
| 1971 (Dec) | US$1.52 | (−30% to 40%) US$1.09 to Template:US$ | US dollar devalued |
| 1972 (July) | floated | (−20% to 30%) | Floated at same time GBP was floated |
| 1972 (Oct) | US$1.52; Template:ZAR | — | — |
| 1973 (Feb) | US$1.69 | — | USD devalued |
| 1973 (Jun) | US$1.773; Template:ZAR | — | ZA Rand and R$ revalued against USD |
| 1975 (Sep) | US$1.60; Template:ZAR | — | R$ devalued against USD and ZAR |
| 1977 (Oct) | US$1.50; Template:ZAR | (−69%) US$0.46; Template:ZAR | R$ devalued against USD and ZAR |
| 1980 (Mar) | — | — | Pegged to flexible basket (FRF, DEM, ZAR, CHF, GBP, USD) |
| 1980 (Apr) | — | — | Replacement by the Zimbabwean dollar Z$1 = R$1 |
| 1981 | — | — | Rhodesian dollar demonetised under Statutory Instrument 378 of the Government of Zimbabwe |
References
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- ^ Unpopular Sovereignty: Rhodesian Independence and African Decolonization, Luise White, University of Chicago Press, 2015, page 124
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Linzmayer, Owen (2012). "Rhodesia". The Banknote Book. San Francisco, CA: BanknoteNews.com.
Page Template:Refbegin/styles.css has no content.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (1991). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801–1991 (18th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0873411501.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pick, Albert (1994). Bruce, Colin R. II; Shafer, Neil (eds.). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues (7th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-207-9.
External links
- Rhodesian Currency Page, with a short description of each note.
| Preceded by: Rhodesian pound Reason: decimalization Ratio: 2 dollars = 1 pound |
Currency of Rhodesia (Zimbabwe since 1980) 1970 – 1980 |
Succeeded by: Zimbabwean dollar Reason: independence recognized Ratio: at par |
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