Rioni
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| Rioni | |
|---|---|
| Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. Rioni River in Racha Region | |
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| Native name | Template:Native name checker |
| Location | |
| Country | Georgia |
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| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth | Black Sea |
• location | Poti |
• coordinates | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
• elevation | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
| Length | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
Basin size | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
| • minimum | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
| • average | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
| • maximum | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
| Basin features | |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Tekhuri, Qvirila |
| • right | Tskhenistsqali |
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The Rioni (Georgian: Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA".; Template:Langx, Script error: No such module "Lang".) is the main river of western Georgia. It originates in the Caucasus Mountains, in the region of Racha and flows west to the Black Sea, entering it north of the city of Poti (near ancient Phasis). The city of Kutaisi, once the ancient city of Colchis, lies on its banks. It drains the western Transcaucasus into the Black Sea while the river Kura drains the eastern Transcaucasus into the Caspian Sea.
History
Ancient authors
Known to the ancient Greeks as the river Phasis, the Rioni was first mentioned by Hesiod in his Theogony (l.340); Plato has Socrates remark: "I believe that the earth is very large and that we who dwell between the pillars of Hercules and the river Phasis live in a small part of it about the sea, like ants or frogs about a pond" (Phaedo, 109a). Later writers like Apollonius Rhodius (Argonautica 2.12.61), Virgil (Georgics 4.367) and Aelius Aristides (Ad Romam 82) considered it the easternmost limit of the navigable seas. Herodotus and Anaximander considered Rioni a boundary between Europe and Asia.[1] The famed voyage of Jason and the Argonauts, though semi-mythological, was said to have occurred by the Argonauts sailing up the river Phasis from its outlet on the Black Sea at Poti, to Colchis (modern Kutaisi in Georgia).[citation needed]
Pheasant
The term "pheasant" and the scientific name Phasianus colchicus are derived from "Phasis" and "Colchis",[2] as this was said to be the region from which the common pheasant was introduced to Europe[3] (the ring-necked pheasants were introduced later from East Asia).
Draining
It is said that "the failure of Colchis to emerge as a strong kingdom or to be maintained as a province of Rome has been blamed on the pestilential climate of the Phasis Valley, a situation remarked upon by travelers down to modern times, when the swamps were finally drained."[4] Wetlands around Rioni River has been drained through a large reclamation-drainage project commissioned by government in 1960. After that, the area was cleared and converted to agricultural land.[5]
Description
The Rioni is the longest river wholly within the borders of Georgia. The river is 327 kilometres (203 mi) long, and its drainage basin covers about 13,400 square kilometres (5,200 mi2).[6] It starts on the southern slopes of the Caucasus Mountains at 2,960 metres (9,710 ft) above sea level, north of the town of Oni. Its largest tributaries are, from source to mouth: Jejora (left), Qvirila (left), Khanistsqali (left), Tskhenistsqali (right) and Tekhuri (right).
Phasis river at Taprobana
Stephanus of Byzantium wrote that there was also another river which was named Phasis, in Taprobana (Template:Langx), as the Indian Ocean island of Ceylon or Sri Lanka was known to the ancient Greeks.[7]
References
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- ^ a b Heinz Heinen, Andrea Binsfeld, Stefan Pfeiffer. Vom hellenistischen Osten zum römischen Westen. Wiesbaden, Germany: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2006, pg. 324 Template:ISBN
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 113, 302. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary, Draft Revision, September 2009
- ^ Robert H. Hewsen, Armenia: A Historical Atlas, 2001, page 38
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Tiefenbacher, John, ed. (2012). Perspectives on Nature Conservation Patterns, Pressures and Prospects. Rijeka, Croatia: IntechOpen. p. 66. ISBN 9789535100331.
- ^ Statistical Yearbook of Georgia: 2020, National Statistics Office of Georgia, Tbilisi, 2020, p. 12.
- ^ Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, § Ph660.2
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