Robik

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Robik
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Robic logo
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Also known asАрифметико-Логическое Устройство «Робик»
DeveloperNPO "Rotor"
ManufacturerNPO "Rotor", SELTO-Micron-Service, SELTO-Complect
Product family
ZX Spectrum 48K
TypeHome computer
Generation4th
ReleasedJuly 1989; 37 years ago (1989-07)
Introductory price
$420 / Rbls 760
(WSP: Rbls 649)
DiscontinuedJanuary 1998; 28 years ago (1998-01)
Units shipped73 904
Sinclair BASIC
CPUZ80A clone
Memory48KB
Cassette tape or diskette
DisplayAnalog RGB or digital TTL monitors; 256×192
SoundBeeper
InputKempston Joysticks
Power20 VA (9V)
Current firmware
V03
Dimensions420×170×66mm
Weight1.9 kg (+external power supply up to 0.5 kg)
Marketing target
business, schools, entertainment, home computer
ZX Spectrum
LanguageEnglish, Russian

ALU Robik (Template:Langx) was a Soviet and Ukrainian ZX Spectrum clone produced between July 1989 and January 1998 by the NPO "Rotor" in Cherkasy. Over 70 000 was produced, while few millions was planned.

Specification

The Robik is a monoblock computer in the keyboard formfactor, with an external power supply block, permanently connected by wire.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]

Older cases produced by the SELTO, and newer produced by the NPO "Rotor" (on the back side of keyboard case there is a logo of manufacturer).[1]

Motherboard

It came in four versions, with only minor changes made for Russian internationalization and localization. The hardware remained largely unchanged, but cheaper parts were used for each version. The fourth version had the new addition of a single integrated circuit. This version did not sell well because by then the main market for the Robik was hardware enthusiasts and this design did not allow for modifications.

Robik had two EPROM chips. There are two languages in the M2764AF-1 chip from ST, which can be switched by shortcut keys.

Keyboard

The computer came with 55 keys,.[4] It had the possibility to switch between Latin and Russian fonts.

  • A total of 55 keys in the main group:
    • Two Script error: No such module "key". ("Reset" keys), Script error: No such module "key". ("Delete"), Script error: No such module "key"., Script error: No such module "key".;
    • Full English/Russian (QWERTY/ЙЦУКЕН) keyboard;
    • Two Script error: No such module "key"., and in some variants;
    • Script error: No such module "key". and Script error: No such module "key". stop keys;
    • Script error: No such module "key". ("Fire" key), Script error: No such module "key". ("Multifunctional" key, in some variants changed to third one Script error: No such module "key".), Script error: No such module "key".;
    • Script error: No such module "key". ("CAPS C") and Script error: No such module "key". ("CAPS L") keys.
  • Four keys in a separate group (on the right, next to main group) — cursor keys (together with "Fire" key it also worked as a joystick).

The letters on switches caps were written using laser beam technology, as a result labels represented as outlined symbols (in the last version stamp printing used for place labels as filled symbols instead).

File:Robik computer keyboard.png
The Robik keyboard layout variants

PKM 1B

The keyboard buttons are based on the PKM 1B (Template:Langx[11]) reed switches, instead of copper or iron contact plates.[12]

File:PKM 1B and Cherry MX switches.jpg
PKM 1B (on the left) next to Cherry MX switches

Initially, the PKM 1B switches produced by the EMZ "Magnit [uk]"[11] (Ukraine) was used, but original production of switches discontinued during the production of the Robik, and the NPO "Rotor" launched its own production line for the PKM 1B switches instead.[2]

Peripherals

The Robik had four ports on the back side: ВИДЕО ("Video"), RGB, JS-K, ◯_◯ ("Tape"). It had no edge connector and video output was analog RGB on a 5-pin DIN[13] or digital TTL on an 8-pin DIN.[4]

Inside the case there was a male 64-pin connector that could be mapped to the standard edge connector.

Display

The Robick supports to be connected to either monochrome MDA/Hercules or color EGA monitor (via ВИДЕО out), or color TV (via RGB out). For the RGB out, there are adjusters for each of color channel (R, G and B), as well as overall color invertor toggle – all are accessible via the marked access holles on the bottom side of computer.[14]

There was no composite video and all I/O ports were 5- and 7-pin DINs.

When writing, the screen memory to the TV/monitor screen did not begin from the top left of the border, but instead began from border right under paper. This meant that most multicolor effects and some games did not work correctly. Errors in the ROM have been fixed and Cyrillic letters were also inserted.

The keyboard matrix was extended from five keys in eight rows to five keys in nine rows to allow for more buttons. A reset could be performed by pressing two Script error: No such module "key". buttons.

Sound

NPO "Rotor" produced an external music sound device for the Robik.

External storage

Robik has no internal mass storage and uses cassette tapes as an external storage.

It requires to connect cassette deck via ◯_◯ ("Tape") port, for read and write data.

There was also an external floppy disk drive produced for the Robik by NPO "Rotor", to use diskettes instead of tapes.

Joystick

There is the JS-K port for connecting joysticks via Kempston Interface.

Printer

Printer has been developed for the Robik by NPO "Rotor".

Software

The Robik distribution includes a cassette tape with seven programs:

  1. "BASICTEST" (computer testing and debugging application)
  2. "DEVPAC" (compiler/decompiler/debugger)
  3. "RED" (text editor)
  4. "KRACOUT" (video game)
  5. "ART-STUDIO" (raster image editor)
  6. "IS CHESS-48" (chess video game)
  7. "BAT"

Legacy

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External images
image icon Robik in the Software and Computer Museum [uk]
image icon Robik in The Home Computer Museum
image icon Robik in the Ust'-Kamenogorsk Computer Museum
image icon Startup screen (Robik screenshot)
image icon SELTO logo (on the case bottom side)
image icon NPO "Rotor" logo (on the case bottom side)

There is a number of the Robik computers stored in various museums and private collections around the world:

У 2017, the "LandauCenter" at the National University of Kharkiv organized an exhibition of the 1980s computers. Exposition included the Robik from the Software and Computer Museum collection.[18]

Since the end of production, there are a lot of the Robik computers present on the secondary market.

Facts

  • On 22 May 1993, on the cover of the printed addition to one of the local magazines in Kryvyi Rih (Ukraine) was placed the next classified advert:Page Template:Blockquote/styles.css has no content.

    [Proposing] a software for computers the «Robik», the «Master» and others. (the Spectrum)

    — Tel.**-**-**, ПРОПОНУЮТЬ, Ярмарка (Специальный выпуск). (PDF) — Криворожские Ведомости, 22 May 1993. — 20(76)/9: 1.

  • Local schools was gifted with hundreds of the Robik computers by NPO "Rotor" for free.[1]
  • The hardware contained about three to four grams of gold and almost eighteen grams of silver, and some of other rare metals are present in various electronic components used in the Robik. As a result, many of the Robik computers have been dismantled for recovery of the costly parts.

See also

Publications

Video

References

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  1. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Demidenko, Gennadiy (May 2024). "Історія та статистика побутового комп'ютера "Робік"" [The History and Statistic of the Robik home computer]. Legends of Bytes (in українська) (10). Cherkasy: G. Demidenko: 30–101. Archived from the original on 15 September 2024. Retrieved 17 September 2024.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  2. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Robik 48k ZX Spectrum clone. A lovely gift from The Ukraine". 11 January 2021 – via www.youtube.com.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.arn, lift. "Sinclair Clones – Robik". Sinclair Nostalgia Products.
  4. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Robik Robik". www.old-computers.com.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Walgenbach, Stefan. "Robik". HCM: The Home Computer Museum.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Computers That Came In From The Cold (Part 2)". Programing4Us.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Brain, Dmitry. "Робик". It8bit Club.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Robik". Hal's Friends. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.МАСТЕР, СВОЙ. "Компьютеры / Computers". Виртуальный Музей Компьютеров, Кассет и Магнитол (in русский). Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Computers That Came In From The Cold (Part 2) – Programing4Us – Enterprise". programming.wmlcloud.com. Retrieved 17 September 2024. There was the Baltic, the Kvorum, the Leningrad, the Magik, the Master, the Robik, the.... Oh, alright, far too many to mention.
  11. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Електромеханічний завод "Магніт": ПКМ 1Б ("PKM 1B")". telcontar.net. Retrieved 18 September 2024. ПКМ 1Б ("PKM 1B") is type of fairly low profile reed switch, whose design may have been inspired by RAFI's keyboard switches (especially as the keycap mount is very similar).
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Reed switch vs. Hall effect sensor". www.yoctopuce.com. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Robik". Silicium.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Slabihoud, Stephan. "Sinclair – Nachbauten/Modelle". 8Bit-Museum.de.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Комп'ютерний музей на Саксаганського" [Computer museum on the Saksaganskyi street]. piktor.org.ua. Kyiv. 26 February 2019. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Музей комп'ютерів" [Computer museum]. glazamiobektiva.com.ua. Kyiv. 25 March 2019. Черкаський Робік. [Robik from Cherkasy.]
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Від "старовини" до наших днів: опубліковані ексклюзивні фото відкриття в Києві музею комп'ютерів". Апостроф (in українська). Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  18. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Sega и "Робик": в "Ландау Центре" открылась выставка компьютеров 80-х". kh.vgorode.ua (in русский). Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Музей комп'ютерних технологій". museums.lnu.edu.ua (in українська). ЛНУ імені Івана Франка. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Робік — український домашній комп'ютер, сумісний з ZX Spectrum 48K" [Robik — a Ukrainian home computer, compatible with the ZX Spectrum 48K.]. Museum of Computer Technology (Photo). University of Lviv. 4 September 2024 – via Facebook.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Черепанов, Дмитро. "Робик". Retro Computers Museum (Mariupol) [uk]. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."У Маріуполі внаслідок бомбардування російьскими військами знищено музей ретро-комп'ютерів та консолей". PlayUA. 26 March 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jowitt, Tom (29 March 2022). "Retro Computing Museum Destroyed By Bombing". silicon.co.uk. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Компьютеры / Computers". svoymaster.kz (in русский).
  25. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wouter. "Peek & Poke". retro.co.za. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  26. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Robik". oldskool.silicium.org. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
  27. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Robik". www.kompjutry.cz (in čeština).
  28. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Robik". homecomputer.de. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  29. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Sinclair – Nachbauten/Modelle – 8Bit-Museum.de". 8bit-museum.de. Retrieved 16 September 2024. 1991 Robik [...] RGB/HERCULES/EGA-Video.
  30. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Robik ZX Spectrum". www.thepcmuseum.net. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  31. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."What's On". www.ricomputermuseum.org (in українська). Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  32. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."RetroComputers – Arcade Vintage Museum". Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  33. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Museum Directory". www.minotaurz.com. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  34. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Robik". Hal's Friends. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  35. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Sovětský Svaz – Robik". www.osmibitovemuzeum.cz. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
  36. ^ The Clueless Engineer. Робик (Robik) playlist on YouTube (Плейлист)
  37. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Our Computer". Personal Computer Museum. Archived from the original on 2 May 2020.
  38. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Деміденко, Геннадій (May 2024). "Історія та статистика побутового комп'ютера "Робік"". Legends of Bytes (10). Черкаси: Г. Деміденко: 30–101. Archived from the original on 15 September 2024. Retrieved 17 September 2024.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  • Robik_Basic48.rom (firmware ROM for the Robik) at the SpecciWiki.info
  • Robik_Tape.zip (TAP files of the original software cassette tape) at the Amiga.nsk.ru
  • Robik (keyboard layout, RAW data) for the Keyboard Layout EditorPage Template:Hidden begin/styles.css has no content.
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  • Robik at the SpecciWiki.info
  • Robik at the SinclairCollection.site
  • Robik at the Amiga.nsk.ru
  • Robik at the It8bit.club
  • Robik at the HomeComputer.de
  • Robik at the Leningrad.su
  • Robik at the Interface1.net
  • Robik at the Witchcraft.org.ua (Script error: No such module "webarchive".)
  • Witchcraft Creative Group at the SpecciWiki.info

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