Rock thrush

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The rock thrushes, Monticola, are a genus of chats, medium-sized mostly insectivorous or omnivorous songbirds. All are Old World birds, and most are associated with mountainous regions.

Taxonomy

The genus Monticola was erected by the German naturalist Friedrich Boie in 1822. Boie listed two species, saxatilis and cyanus but did not designate the type species.[1] In 1826 Boie introduced a different genus name, Petrocossyphus, containing a single species, Turdus saxatilis Linnaeus.[2] This new genus name was not accepted by other ornithologists as according to Hugh Edwin Strickland: "The former name ought therefore to stand, as authors ought no more to alter their own generic names when once published than those of others".[3] The type species of the genus Monticola is Turdus saxatilis Linnaeus, the common rock thrush.[4][5] Monticola is the Latin word for mountain-dweller or mountaineer.[6]

The genus was formerly included in the thrush family Turdidae,[7] but molecular phylogenetic studies published in 2004 and 2010 showed that the species are more closely related to members of the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae.[8][9]

The genus contains the following species:[10]

Image Common name Scientific name Distribution
File:Blue-capped rock thrush (Monticola cinclorhyncha) 037.jpg Blue-capped rock thrush Monticola cinclorhyncha Himalayas; winters to western and eastern Ghats
File:4G4A2289.jpg White-throated rock thrush Monticola gularis Manchuria
File:Chestnut-bellied Rock Thrush Male at Almora DSCN8228 11.jpg Chestnut-bellied rock thrush Monticola rufiventris Himalayas, Purvanchal Range and southern China
File:Monticola brevipes.jpg Short-toed rock thrush Monticola brevipes arid areas of southwestern Angola and southern Africa
File:Monticola explorator -Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa -male-8.jpg Sentinel rock thrush Monticola explorator southern Africa
File:Amber mountain rock thrush (Monticola sharpei erythronotus) male 2.jpg Amber Mountain rock thrush Monticola erythronotus Amber Mountain, Madagascar
File:Forest Rock-Thrush (Monticola sharpei), Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.jpg Forest rock thrush Monticola sharpei Madagascar
File:Benson's rock thrush (Monticola sharpei bensoni).jpg Benson's rock thrush Monticola sharpei bensoni southern-central Madagascar
File:Littoral Rock Thrush, Ambola, Madagascar 2.jpg Littoral rock thrush Monticola imerina southern coastal Madagascar
File:Monticola rufocinereus.jpg Little rock thrush Monticola rufocinereus eastern Afromontane
File:Codirossone 1-Passo dello Spluga (SO).png Common rock thrush Monticola saxatilis temperate rocky regions of Palearctic; winters to Africa
File:Blue Rock Thrush (Monticola solitarius) (27649993912).jpg Blue rock thrush Monticola solitarius temperate and elevated areas of Palearctic;
winters to Africa, Arabia and Indomalaya
File:Monticola rupestris -Marakele National Park, South Africa -male-8 (1).jpg Cape rock thrush Monticola rupestris southern Africa
File:Miombo Rock-Thrush, Kakanda, DRC (5812572406).jpg Miombo rock thrush Monticola angolensis Miombo woodlands
File:Myrmecocichla semirufa -Ethiopia-8 (cropped).jpg White-winged cliff chat Monticola semirufus Ethiopian Highlands

Fossil record

Monticola pongraczi (Pliocene of Beremend, Hungary) [11]

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Boie, F. (1822). "Ueber Classification, insonderheit der europäischen Vogel". Isis von Oken (in Deutsch). 10–11. Col. 552.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Boie, Friedrich (1826). "Generalübersicht der ornithologischen Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen". Isis von Oken (in German). 19. Cols 969–981 [972].{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Strickland, Hugh Edwin (1841). "Commentary on Mr. G.R. Gray's Genera of Birds. 1840 (continued)". Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 7: 26-41 [26].
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gray, George Robert (1847). The Genera of Birds : comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera. Vol. 1. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. p. 220. The title page has 1849. For the publication date see Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bruce, Murray D. (2023). "The Genera of Birds (1844–1849) by George Robert Gray: A review of its part publication, dates, new nominal taxa, suppressed content and other details". Sherbornia. 8 (1): 1–93 [18].
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Mayr, Ernst; Paynter, Raymond A. Jr. (1964). Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 10. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 135.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jobling, James A. "Monticola". The Key to Scientific Names. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 2 June 2025.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Collar, N.J. (2005). "Family Turdidae (Thrushes)". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Christie, D.A. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 10: Cuckoo-shrikes to Thrushes. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 514-807 [515]. ISBN 978-84-87334-72-6.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Voelker, G.; Spellman, G.M. (2004). "Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA evidence of polyphyly in the avian superfamily Muscicapoidea". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30 (2): 386–394. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00191-X. PMID 14715230.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sangster, G.; Alström, P.; Forsmark, E.; Olsson, U. (2010). "Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of Old World chats and flycatchers reveals extensive paraphyly at family, subfamily and genus level (Aves: Muscicapidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 57 (1): 380–392. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.008. PMID 20656044.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (February 2025). "Chats, Old World flycatchers". IOC World Bird List Version 15.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 2 June 2025.
  11. ^ Kessler, E. 2013. Neogene songbirds (Aves, Passeriformes) from Hungary. – Hantkeniana, Budapest, 2013, 8: 37-149.

Further reading

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