Roorkee

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Template:Short description Template:DMCA Template:DMCA

Script error: No such module "Settlement short description".Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Infobox settlement/styles.css has no content.

Roorkee City
City
Roorkee City
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found.
Script error: No such module "Infobox mapframe".
Lua error in Module:Location_map at line 526: Unable to find the specified location map definition: "Module:Location map/data/India Uttarakhand" does not exist.
Coordinates: Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
CountryFile:Flag of India.svg India
StateUttarakhand
DistrictHaridwar
Founded1842
Municipality1868
Founded byProby Cautley
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation
 • BodyRoorkee Municipal Corporation
 • MayorAnita Agarwal (BJP)
 • Lok Sabha MPTrivendra Singh Rawat (BJP)
 • MLAPradip Batra (BJP)
 • Municipal CommissionerRakesh Chandra Tiwari, PCS
 • Rank5
Elevation
Script error: No such module "ConvertIB".
Population
 (2011)
Template:Fix comma category
Population
 (2011)
 • DensityScript error: No such module "ConvertIB".
 • Metro
Template:Fix comma category
 • Metro densityScript error: No such module "ConvertIB".
Template:Pluralize from textTemplate:Pluralize from text
Languages
 • OfficialHindi
 • NativeKhariboli[1]
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
247667
Telephone code+91-1332
Vehicle registrationUK-17
Sex ratio1.12[2] ♂/♀

Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".

Roorkee (Rūṛkī; Script error: No such module "IPA".), formerly also anglicized as Rurki, is a city and municipal corporation in the Haridwar district of the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is Template:Cvt from Haridwar, the district headquarters. It is spread over a flat terrain under the Sivalik Hills of the Himalayas. The city is developed on the banks of the Ganges Canal, its dominant feature, which flows from north–south through the middle of the city.

Roorkee is home to Asia's Second engineering college the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, formerly known as Thomson College of Civil Engineering[citation needed]. Roorkee is also known for the Roorkee Cantonment, one of the country's oldest military establishments and the headquarters of Bengal Engineer Group since 1853.[3]

History

File:Rang Mahal Landhaura.jpg
Rang Mahal of Landhaura

Until 1824, Roorkee was part of Landhaura estate or kingship exercises by local Gurjars of Panwar clan. The area was under control of (Panwar) Gurjar chiefs in eastern Saharanpur including Haridwar in kingship of Raja Sabha Chandra of Jabarhera (Jhabrera).

In 1792 Ram Dayal and his son Sawai Singh were ruling the area but due to family reasons Ramdayal left Jhabrera and went to Landhaura village and left Roorkee under the control of Raja Ramdayal Singh at Landhaura. There were two branches of Jhabrera State (riyasat), with main branch at Jhabrera and the second one at Landhaura. Both father and son were ruling simultaneously without any conflicts until the death of Raja Sawai Singh of Jabarhera in 1803. After the death of Sawai Singh total control of powers transferred to Ram Dayal Singh at Landhaura.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

After the death of Raja Ram Dayal Singh Gurjar in 29 March 1813,[13][14][12] it was a part of the Landhaura princely state until 1824 when the British occupied it.[15]

File:Ganges canal roorkee1860.jpg
Ganga canal, 1860.

Roorkee is listed in the Ain-i-Akbari as a pargana under the sarkar of Saharanpur, producing a revenue of 12,234 dams for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 1200 infantry and 125 cavalry.[16]

Before 1840, the city was a tiny hamlet consisting of mud huts on the banks of the Solani rivulet.[17] Digging work on the Upper Ganges Canal formally began in April 1842, under the aegis of Proby Cautley, a British officer. Local works were designed and overseen by the engineer Thomas Login.[18] Soon, Roorkee developed into a town. The canal, which was formally opened on 8 April 1854, provided irrigation waters for more than Template:Cvt in 5,000 villages.[19]

Col. P.T. Cautley, an officer in the British Army, was most instrumental in constructing the canal. According to Dept. of Hydrology, the canal, which is still considered as a marvel of engineering, was built in 1853. However, water was released in the canal on 8 April 1854.

To look after the maintenance of the canal, the Canal Workshop and Iron Foundry were established in 1843 on the civil lines of the canal bank. This was followed by the establishment of a Civil Engineering School; classes started in 1845[17] to train local youth to assist in the civil-engineering work of the Upper Ganges Canal.[20] This was to become the first engineering college established in India.[21] On 25 November 1847, the college was formally constituted through a proposal by the Sir James Thomason, Lt. Governor of North-Western Province (1843–53).[17] After his death in 1853, the college was rechristened as Thomason College of Civil Engineering. The college later renamed to University of Roorkee in 1949; on 21 September 2001, through an Act of Parliament, it was made one of the Indian Institutes of Technology, IIT Roorkee.[22] In 1853 Bengal Sappers and Miners were stationed here which provided a controlling influence during the 1857 uprising. Under the Post Office Act of 1866, it was among the first few towns to have a post office and first telegraph office in the district. In 1886, Roorkee was placed on the rail map of India. In 1907, the first provincial trunk road from Meerut-Roorkee-Dehradun was constructed. In 1920, Roorkee became the first town in Uttar Pradesh to have hydroelectricity.

File:Solani Aquaduct Of Ganges Canal.jpg
Solani Aqueduct Of Ganges Canal

India's first aqueduct was constructed over the Solani river, near Roorkee as part of the Ganges Canal project, which itself was India's first irrigation work in North India.[23] In 1851, the Solani Aqueduct Railway was built by Proby Cautley in Roorkee to transport construction materials for the Ganges canal. It was operated by the Bengal Sappers. A steam engine, Jenny Lind, (specially shipped from England moved on rails in India), pulled a freight train that ran in Roorkee on 22 December 1851 between Roorkee and Piran Kaliyar, Template:Cvt from the city, two years before the first passenger trains were started between Bombay and Thana in 1853 and 14 years after the first freight trains ran in Chennai in 1837.[24] A replica of what the locomotive is thought to have looked like is exhibited at Roorkee Railway Station.

The municipality of Roorkee was created in 1868.[17] It had been home to the Bengal Sappers and Miners since 1853, and two artillery units were stationed there.[17] Today, the Roorkee Cantonment has a large army base. The Bengal Engineering Group and Centre (BEG&C) are still there today.

In 1901, when the city had a population of 17,197, it was made the headquarters of the Roorkee Tehsil, in the Saharanpur district of the United Province of the British Raj; the tehsil included 426 villages (of the parganas of Jwalapur, Manglaur and Bhagwanpur) and six towns, the most important among them being Haridwar and Manglaur.[19] The Old Cemetery in the city is a protected monument, by the Archaeological Survey of India.[25]

Geography

Roorkee is located at Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found..[26] It has an average elevation of 268 metres (879 ft).

Roorkee is 184.3 kilometres (114.5 mi) north of the Indian capital, New Delhi, between the rivers Ganges and Yamuna, close to the foothills of the Himalayas. It is 65 kilometres away from Dehradun (the capital of Uttarakhand), Template:Cvt from Haridwar and Template:Cvt away from Muzaffarnagar. Before the creation of Uttarakhand on 9 November 2000,[27] Roorkee was a part of the state of Uttar Pradesh.

The city is located in the Roorkee plain which is composed of recent alluvium with a gentle slope. As per the census of 2011, the region is spread over Template:Cvt.[28]

There are a total of 106 villages in the Roorkee community development block of Hardwar. The total population of Roorkee block is 301,268 with a male population of 158,879 and a female population of 142,389. There are 51,329 households in Roorkee block.[29]

Climate

Roorkee has a monsoon-influenced humid Sub-Tropical climate (Köppen Cwa), typical of the northern Indo-Gangetic plain. There are three seasons. A sweltering, dry “hot” season begins in mid-March and extends until mid-June with steadily increasing humidity and discomfort. From mid-June until the end of September the southwest monsoon gives the “wet” season with a total of around 770 millimetres (30 in) of rainfall or about-four-fifths of the annual total. This monsoonal rain is accompanied by hot temperatures, very warm mornings, and extremely uncomfortable humidity. From early October the “cool” season begins as the monsoon retreats, featuring warm to very warm afternoons, cool mornings, and moderate humidity. Occasionally western disturbances between January and March will bring a little rainfall during this season, although the average total from October to March is only 145 millimetres or 5.7 inches.

Script error: No such module "weather box".

Demographics

The Roorkee Tehsil is the most populous among the three Tehsils in the Haridwar District with 45% of its population categorized as urban.[28] According to the 2011 census Roorkee city has a population of 392,000,[citation needed] within the area of 8.11 square kilometres.[33] The average literacy rate of Roorkee is 89.48%.[citation needed] The sex ratio of the town as-of 2011, is 863 for all age groups while between the age 0–6 it is 820.[28]

Languages

The major languages spoken in Roorkee are Hindi 72%, Urdu 23%, Punjabi 3%, and English 2%.[34]

Government and politics

For administrative purposes, the Roorkee city is part of the Haridwar district's Roorkee Tehsil.[33] The city falls under the Roorkee Legislative Assembly constituency, which is one of the seventy electoral Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand state in India.[35]

Civic administration

The governance of Roorkee city is done by the Roorkee Municipal Corporation (RMC) which falls under Roorkee Metropolitan Region. According to the 2011 census, the RMC covers an areas of Template:Cvt with a 1.84 lakh population. The RMC is administered through the Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act 1959, which was adopted and amended by Uttarakhand. The act is administered by the Urban Development Department (UDD), part of the Government of Uttarakhand.[36]

The council is formed every five years through ward councillors's elections and it holds the highest authority within the Urban Local Body (ULB) to make decisions. The council is headed by a Mayor, who is elected by the Ward Councillors from 40 municipal wards. A Municipal Commissioner (MC) is appointed by the state who is responsible for the operations of the ULB. The RMC is responsible for city related civic services like cleanliness of the city, solid waste management, maintenance of gardens/dividers/circles, street light, bio-medical waste, and all storm water and wastewater drainage.[36]

Politics

The RMC has 40 wards with a voter population of 14.05 lakh voters- split between nearly 7.26 lakh men and 6.79 lakh women voters. The major political parties which are active in the local elections are Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP), Indian National Congress (INC), Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP).[37]

Economy

Roorkee is an industrial base of Haridwar district. It is partially industrialized. Its main industries are ship part manufacturing, surveying, drawing and mechanical instrument manufacturing. It has a GDP of US$112 million.[28]

See also

References

Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.

  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Languages of Uttarakhand".
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Census of India, 2011". Office of the Registrar General, India. 2 March 2002. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  3. ^ "Bengal Sappers’ saga of valour", The Tribune, 24 November 2008.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Tareekh Gurjar Vol 5-تاریخ گرجر جلد پنجم.pdf". Google Docs. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Chauhan, Rana Ali Hasan (1998). A Short History of the Gurjars: Past and Present. Chauhan Publications. ISBN 978-969-8419-00-4.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Rahi, Javaid (1 January 2012). The Gujjars Vol: 01 and 02 Edited by Dr. Javaid Rahi. Jammu and Kashmir Acacademy of Art, Culture, Languages, Jammu.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Arya, D. S. (1995). Urbanization and It's Environmental Impacts. Discovery Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7141-258-7.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lal, Prem Hari Har (1993). The Doon Valley Down the Ages. Interprint. ISBN 978-81-85017-64-8.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Rahi, Javaid (1 January 2012). The Gujjars Vol: 01 and 02 Edited by Dr. Javaid Rahi. Jammu and Kashmir Acacademy of Art, Culture, Languages, Jammu.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Oudh (India), United Provinces of Agra and (1909). District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh: Saharanpur. Supdt., Government Press, United Provinces.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Arya, D. S. (1995). Urbanization and It's Environmental Impacts. Discovery Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7141-258-7.
  12. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."History – ROORKEE CANTONMENT BOARD". roorkee.cantt.gov.in. Retrieved 18 March 2025.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Atkinson, Edwin Thomas (1875). Statistical, Descriptive and Historical Account of the North-Western Provinces of India: 2.:Meerut division part 1. North-Western Provinces Government.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Abbasi, Shahid A.; Arya, D. S. (2000). Environmental Impact Assessment: Available Techniques, Emerging Trends. Discovery Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7141-554-0.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Roorkee Cantonment Board – History". Retrieved 2 September 2021.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak (1891). The Ain-i-Akbari. Translated by Jarrett, Henry Sullivan. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal. p. 292. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  17. ^ a b c d e Roorkee Town2, The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 21, p. 325.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Obituary. Thomas Login, F.r.s.e., 1823-1874". Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. 39 (1875): 269–271. 1875. doi:10.1680/imotp.1875.22738.
  19. ^ a b Upper Ganges Canal, The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 12, p. 138.
  20. ^ Indian Engineering Colleges, The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909, v. 4, p. 321.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sandes, Lt Col E.W.C. (1935). The Military Engineer, Vol II. Chatham: Institution of Royal Engineers. p. 358.
  22. ^ IIT Roorkee Official website.
  23. ^ Irrigation and Navigation Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909 v. 3, p. 341.
  24. ^ irfca.org/docs/history/india-first-railways.html
  25. ^ Alphabetical List of Monuments – Uttarakhand Archaeological Survey of India website.
  26. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Roorkee". Fallingrain.com. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
  27. ^ Uttarakhand Govt. of India, Official website.
  28. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Census of India- 2011, District census handbook-Hardwar- Village and town directory" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  29. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Roorkee Block Hardwar – List of Villages in Roorkee Population Literacy".
  30. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991–2020" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  31. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Station: Roorkee Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 671–672. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
  32. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M228. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
  33. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK HARDWAR VILLAGE AND TOWN WISE PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT (PCA)" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  34. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  35. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Roorkee – Uttarakhand Assembly constituency Details". Archived from the original on 16 August 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  36. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Roorkee Municipal Corporation-ICRA". 28 February 2019. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  37. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."BJP candidate Anita Devi Agarawal becomes first woman mayor of Roorkee". www.abplive.com. 26 January 2025.

Page Module:Side box/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Sister project/styles.css has no content.

Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Script error: No such module "Sister project logo".
Wikimedia Commons has media related to [[commons:Template:If then show|Template:If then show]].

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found.

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Authority control/config' not found.

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found.

Retrieved from "https://cosmopedia.co/index.php?title=Roorkee&oldid=972699"