Rosefinch

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The rosefinches should not be confused with the rosy finches in the genus Leucosticte.

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The rosefinches are a genus, Carpodacus, of passerine birds in the finch family Fringillidae. Most are called "rosefinches" and as the word implies, have various shades of red in their plumage. The common rosefinch is frequently called the "rosefinch". The genus name is from the Ancient Greek terms karpos, "fruit", and dakno, "to bite".

The Carpodacus rosefinches occur throughout Eurasia, but the greatest diversity is found in the Sino-Himalayas suggesting that the species originated in this region.[2]

Taxonomy

The genus Carpodacus was introduced in 1829 by the German naturalist Johann Jakob Kaup.[3] The type species was designated by George Gray in 1842 as Fringilla rosea Pallas, 1776, Pallas's rosefinch.[4][5] The genus name combines the Ancient Greek karpos meaning "fruit" with dakos meaning "biter".[6]

In 2012, Zuccon and colleagues published a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis of the finch family. Based both on their own results and those published earlier by other groups, they proposed a series of changes to the taxonomy.[7] They found that the three North American rosefinches, namely Cassin's finch, purple finch, and house finch, formed a separate clade that was not closely related to the Palearctic rosefinches. They proposed moving the three species to a separate genus Haemorhous.[7] This proposal was accepted by the International Ornithological Committee and the American Ornithologists' Union.[8][9] Zuccon and colleagues also found that the common rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus) fell outside the core rosefinch clade and was a sister to the scarlet finch (at the time Haematospiza sipahi). They recommended that the common rosefinch should be moved to a new monotypic genus with the resurrected name of Erythrina. The British Ornithologists' Union accepted this proposal,[10] but the International Ornithological Union chose instead to adopt a more inclusive Carpodacus which incorporated Haematospiza as well as the monotypic genus Chaunoproctus containing the extinct Bonin grosbeak. The long-tailed rosefinch that had previously been included in the monotypic genus Uragus was also moved into Carpodacus.[8]

Two species that were formerly included in the genus, Blanford's rosefinch and the dark-breasted rosefinch, were shown to not be closely related to the other species in the group. They were moved to separate monotypic genera, Blanford's rosefinch to Agraphospiza and the dark-breasted rosefinch to Procarduelis.[7][8] Sillem's rosefinch originally had the common name "Sillem's mountain finch" and was assigned to the genus Leucosticte but a phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial DNA sequences published in 2016 found that the species belonged to the genus Carpodacus.[11]

There have been a number of rosefinch radiations. First to split off were the ancestors of the North American species, the common rosefinch, and the scarlet finch, generally placed in its own genus. These groups, which may be related, diverged in the Middle Miocene (about 14–12 mya) from the proto-rosefinches. Each of these groups probably should constitute a distinct genus; in the case of the North American species, this is Haemorhous. The types of the genera Erythrina Brehm 1829 and Carpodacus Kaup 1829 are frequently considered to be the common rosefinch, but both refer to Pallas's rosefinch.[12]

Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Hawaiian honeycreepers are closely related to the rosefinches in the genus Carpodacus.[7][13] The most recent common ancestor has been variously estimate at 7.24 million years ago (mya)[13] and 15.71 mya.[2]

Przewalski's "rosefinch" (Urocynchramus pylzowi) has been determined to be not a rosefinch, and indeed not a true finch at all, but to constitute a monotypic family Urocynchramidae.[14]

Species

The genus Carpodacus contains 28 species. They all include 'rosefinch' in their English names apart from the scarlet finch, the crimson-browed finch and the extinct Bonin grosbeak.[8]

Image Common name Scientific name Distribution
File:Common Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus Male by Dr Raju Kasambe (1).jpg Common rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus Asia and Europe.
File:Scarlet Finch (23870224557).jpg Scarlet finch Carpodacus sipahi the Himalayas from Uttarakhand state in the Indian Himalayas eastwards across Nepal, stretching further east to the adjacent hills of Northeast India and Southeast Asia as far south as Thailand.
File:Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.AVES.90732 - Chaunoproctus ferreorostris (Vigors, 1829) - Bonin Grosbeak - specimen - lateral view.jpeg †Bonin grosbeak Carpodacus ferreorostris (extinct) Chichi-jima in the Ogasawara Islands.
File:Streaked Rosefinch.jpg Streaked rosefinch Carpodacus rubicilloides Bhutan, China, India, and Nepal.
File:Great Rosefinch (Carpodacus rubicilla) (28311028287).jpg Great rosefinch Carpodacus rubicilla Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan and east to China
File:Blyth's Rosefinch.jpg Blyth's rosefinch Carpodacus grandis northern Afghanistan to the western Himalayas.
File:Red-mantled Rosefinch - Almaty - Kazakistan S4E4053 (23051167291).jpg Red-mantled rosefinch Carpodacus rhodochlamys in Afghanistan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, and Tajikistan.
File:Himalayan Beautiful Rosefinch (cropped).jpg Himalayan beautiful rosefinch Carpodacus pulcherrimus mid-western China and the northern Himalayas.
File:Carpodacus davidianus - Wang.QG - 514074298 (cropped).jpeg Chinese beautiful rosefinch Carpodacus davidianus China
File:Pink-rumped Rosefinch iNaturalist (cropped).jpg Pink-rumped rosefinch Carpodacus waltoni central China and eastern Tibet
File:Pink-browed Rosefinch Nanda Devi National Park Uttarakhand India 17.11.2013.jpg Pink-browed rosefinch Carpodacus rodochroa Bhutan, Tibet, India, Nepal, and Pakistan.
File:Dark-rumped Rosefinch East Sikkim India 12.05.2014.jpg Dark-rumped rosefinch Carpodacus edwardsii Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal.
File:Spot-winged Rosefinch.jpg Spot-winged rosefinch Carpodacus rodopeplus India and Nepal
File:Carpodacus verreauxii - Wang.QG - 514055353 (cropped).jpeg Sharpe's rosefinch Carpodacus verreauxii central China and far northern Myanmar.
File:Vinaceous Rosefinch.jpg Vinaceous rosefinch Carpodacus vinaceus Nepal, China and far northern Myanmar.
File:Taiwan Rosefinch Carpodacus formosanus, male, Taiwan.jpg Taiwan rosefinch Carpodacus formosanus Taiwan
File:Sinai Rosefinch (Carpodacus synoicus) in Israel (cropped).jpg Sinai rosefinch Carpodacus synoicus Egypt, Israel, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia.
File:Pale Rosefinch (Carpodacus stoliczkae) male in China (cropped).jpg Pale rosefinch Carpodacus stoliczkae Afghanistan and China
File:Tibetan Rosefinch (Carpodacus roborowskii) male in China.jpg Tibetan rosefinch Carpodacus roborowskii Xinjiang Autonomous Region.
File:Naturalis Biodiversity Center - ZMA.AVES.43449 1 LAT - Leucosticte sillemi Roselaar, 1992 - Fringillidae - skin specimen.jpeg Sillem's rosefinch Carpodacus sillemi China, Japan, Kazakhstan, North Korea, South Korea, and Russia.
File:Uragus sibiricus.jpg Siberian long-tailed rosefinch Carpodacus sibiricus Japan, Kazakhstan, North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, and Russia.
File:Carpodacus sibiricus lepidus male in China.jpg Chinese long-tailed rosefinch Carpodacus lepidus China
File:Carpodacus roseus.jpg Pallas's rosefinch Carpodacus roseus China, Japan, Kazakhstan, North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, and Russia.
File:Carpodacus trifasciatus 1891.jpg Three-banded rosefinch Carpodacus trifasciatus central China and far northeastern India.
File:White-browed Rosefinch (♂) Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary Sikkim India 17.04.2015.jpg Himalayan white-browed rosefinch Carpodacus thura Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Nepal, and Pakistan.
File:Chinese White-browed Rosefinch.jpg Chinese white-browed rosefinch Carpodacus dubius central China and eastern Tibet.
File:Red-fronted Rosefinch - Shreeram - Zanskar.jpg Red-fronted rosefinch Carpodacus puniceus Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan
File:Crimson-browed Finch - Bhutan S4E8757 (22647757219).jpg Crimson-browed finch Carpodacus subhimachalus Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal.

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Fringillidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
  2. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Tietze, D.T.; Päckert, M.; Martens, J.; Lehmann, H.; Sun, Y.-H. (2013). "Complete phylogeny and historical biogeography of true rosefinches (Aves: Carpodacus)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 169: 215–234. doi:10.1111/zoj.12057.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kaup, Johann Jakob (1829). Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der europäischen Thierwelt (in German). Darmstadt: Carl Wilhelm Leske. p. 161.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1968). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 14. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 267.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gray, George Robert (1842). Appendix to a List of the Genera of Birds (2nd ed.). London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 11.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 92. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  7. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Zuccon, Dario; Prŷs-Jones, Robert; Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Ericson, Per G.P. (2012). "The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 62 (2): 581–596. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.002. PMID 22023825.
  8. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Finches, euphonias". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Chesser, R. Terry; Banks, Richard C.; Barker, F. Keith (2012). "Fifty-third Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds" (PDF). The Auk. 129 (3): 573–588. doi:10.1525/auk.2012.129.3.573. S2CID 198159113. Retrieved 2012-07-18.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sangster, George; Collinson, J. Martin; Crochet, Pierre-André; Knox, Alan G.; Parkin, David T.; Votier, Stephen C. (2013). "Taxonomic recommendations for Western Palearctic birds: ninth report". Ibis. 155 (4): 898–907. doi:10.1111/ibi.12091.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sangster, G.; Roselaar, C.S.; Irestedt, M.; Ericson, Per G.P. (2016). "Sillem's Mountain Finch Leucosticte sillemi is a valid species of rosefinch (Carpodacus, Fringillidae)". Ibis. 158: 184–189. doi:10.1111/ibi.12323.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Banks, Richard C.; Browning, M. Ralph (July 1995). "Comments on the Status of Revived Old Names for Some North American Birds" (PDF). The Auk. 112 (3): 633–648. JSTOR 4088679.
  13. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lerner, Heather R.L.; Meyer, Matthias; James, Helen F.; Hofreiter, Michael; Fleischer, Robert C. (2011). "Multilocus resolution of phylogeny and timescale in the extant adaptive radiation of Hawaiian honeycreepers". Current Biology. 21 (21): 1838–1844. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.09.039. PMID 22018543.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Groth, J. G. (2000). "Molecular evidence for the systematic position of Urocynchramus pylzowi" (PDF). Auk. 117 (3): 787–792. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0787:MEFTSP]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0004-8038. S2CID 86164717.

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