Rule of Faith

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Template:Short description The rule of faith (Template:Langx, Template:Langx) is the name given to the ultimate authority in Christian belief or fundamental hermeneutic (interpretive) standard (e.g., for biblical interpretation.). It was used by Early Christian writers such as Tertullian. The phrase is sometimes used for early creeds.

Meaning

Joseph Fitzmyer SJ notes that the rule of faith (Template:Langx) (where 'rule' has the sense of a measure such as a ruler) is a phrase rooted in the Apostle Paul's admonition to the Christians in Rome in the Epistle to the Romans Script error: No such module "Bibleverse". Script error: No such module "Bibleverse"., which says, "We have different gifts, according to the grace given us. If a man's gift is prophesying, let him use it in proportion to his faith." (NIV, 1984)

The last phrase, "in proportion to his faith" is in Greek κατὰ τὴν ἀναλογίαν τῆς πίστεως ("analogy of faith"). In Romans 12:6 this refers to one of three possible ideas: the body of Christian teachings, the person's belief and response to the grace of God, or to the type of faith that can move mountains.[1]

Second century usage

In the early church, Irenaeus (c. 125 – c. 202 AD) was writing in the second century about the "rule of faith" or "rule of truth." In Against Heresies 1.9.4 he talks about it being received by baptism and continues, in the next chapter, to explain: Template:Quote

Elsewhere, in the preface to his The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching, Irenaeus reiterates the need to "hold the rule of the faith without deviation."[2] He goes on again to express the rule of faith across three points or articles:

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Tertullian (c. 155 – c. 220 AD) uses the phrases "rule of faith" and "rule of truth": Template:Quote

Tertullian summarized this apostolic Rule in three different versions, in Prescription Haereticum (similar to the later Apostle's Creed), De Virginibus Velandis and Adversus Praxean.

Fourth century usage

In the 4th century of Christianity, the Rule of Faith became equated with the Old Roman Symbol, which was an earlier and shorter version of the Apostles' Creed and other later statements of faith. The Old Roman Symbol was based on the 2nd-century Rule of Faith and the interrogatory declaration of faith for those receiving Baptism (3rd century or earlier),[3] which by the fourth century was everywhere tripartite in structure, following Script error: No such module "Bibleverse". ("baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit"[4]), which is part of the Great Commission. According to the Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, the first text attesting it is a letter to Pope Julius I in 340 or 341, and it has recently been argued that it developed in the context of the Arian controversy.[3]

As a historical standard for adherence to orthodoxy, rule of faith may also refer to other statements of faith including the Nicene Creed, Athanasian Creed, Augsburg Confession, Canons of Dort, Westminster Confession and others, the inner light of the spirit, as among mystics.[5]

More broadly, the rule of faith is the name given to the ultimate authority or standard in religious belief, such as the Word of God (Dei verbum) as contained in Scripture and Apostolic Tradition,[6] as among Catholics; theoria, as among the Eastern Orthodox; the Sola scriptura (Bible alone doctrine), as among some Protestants; the Wesleyan Quadrilateral of faith, which held that Scripture, tradition, reason, and experience, as among other Protestants; and reason alone, as among Rationalist philosophers.[citation needed]

Some theologians use "analogy" as an alias for "rule" rather than its modern sense of comparison.

Catholic usage

Pope Pius XII in Humani generis used the term analogy of faith to say that Holy Scripture should be interpreted according to the mind of the Church, not that the teaching of the Church and Fathers should be interpreted by some theorised norm of the Scriptures.[7]

In the Catholic Church, the Bible and sacred tradition (that is, things believed to have been taught by Jesus and the apostles that were not recorded in the Bible but were transmitted through the church) are considered a rule for all believers for judging faith and practice.[8] The current Catechism of the Catholic Church says, "all that has been said about the manner of interpreting Scripture is ultimately subject to the judgement of the Church which exercises the divinely conferred commission and ministry of watching over and interpreting the Word of God[9]

The Baltimore Catechism used the phrase "rule of faith":[10]

Template:Quote In Verbum Domini (2010), Pope Benedict XVI wrote:[11]Template:Quote

Protestant usage

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In some Protestant theology, it is a hermeneutical rule of interpreting the Bible that scripture is to interpret scripture (Sacra Scriptura sui interpres: sacred Scripture is its own interpreter). It is an understanding that enforces the Bible as the inspired Word of God, and it is therefore consistent and coherent since God cannot contradict himself.[12]

In conservative[<span title="Script error: No such module "decodeEncode".">vague] Protestantism Romans 12:6 is viewed as the biblical reference for the term "analogy of the faith" (i.e., αναλογἰα τῆς πἰστεως).[13][14]

For Protestants, the Bible alone is considered the word of God and the only infallible standard for judging faith and practice;[15] hence, for conservative Protestantism, the analogy of the faith is equivalent to the analogy of scripture – that is, opinions are tested for their consistency with scripture, and scripture is interpreted by the Holy Spirit speaking in scripture (compare sola scriptura).[citation needed]

Orthodox usage

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See also


References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Joseph Fitzmyer (1992), Romans, Anchor Bible Commentary, vol. 33, New York: Doubleday, pp. 647–48
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Irenaeus. "Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching". Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
  3. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cross, FL, ed. (2005), "Old Roman Creed", The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, New York: Oxford University Press.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cross, FL, ed. (2005), "creed", The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, New York: Oxford University Press.
  5. ^ "Rule of Faith". The Nuttall Encyclopædia (1907).
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Rule of Faith". Catholic Encyclopedia. New advent. Retrieved 2007-02-18.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Humani generis".
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hodge, Charles, "5. Roman Catholic Doctrine Concerning the Rule of Faith", Systematic Theology, CCEL
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Catechism of the Catholic Church, Chapter 2, The Vatican, art. 3 Sacred Scripture, III. The Holy Spirit, interpreter of Scripture, archived from the original on 2001-01-25
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Baltimore Catechism".
  11. ^ The Latin can be found on page 15 here.
  12. ^ Sproul, R. C., et al. Knowing Scripture. vol. Revised edition, IVP Books, 2009.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Biblical Theology and the Analogy of Faith". Daniel Fuller. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Calvin, John (1950), "Prefratory Address, 2 and Book IV, ch. 17, 32", in McNeill, John T (ed.), Institutes of the Christian Religion, Library of Christian Classics, 2 vols, Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1:12; 2:1404
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hodge, Charles, "6. The Protestant Rule of Faith", Systematic Theology, CCEL

Further reading

  • Sproul, R. C., et al. Knowing Scripture, revised edition, IVP Books, 2009. EBSCO host

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