Rutilus
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Rutilus, commonly known as roaches, is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related fishes. This genus is a widely distributed lineage of leuciscids and ranges from West Europe to East Siberia.[2]
Taxonomy
Rutilus was first proposed as a genus in 1820 by the French polymath Constantine Samuel Rafinesque with Cyprinus rutilus designated as the type species but also the type species by absolute tautonymy.[1] Cyprinus rutilus was first formally described in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae by Carl Linnaeus with "European lakes" given as the type locality.[3]
In a phylogeographic study, Levin et al. (2017) argue that the Ponto-Caspian taxa including R. caspicus, R. heckelii and R. stoumboudae could represent a single widespread species whose range extends to Siberia, to be named Rutilus lacustris, whereas R. kutum is included in R. frisii.[4]
The genera Leucos and Sarmarutilus have been recently separated from Rutilus and are closely related to it.[5]
Etymology
Rutilus was chosen as the genus name by tautonymy with Cyprinus rutilus; rutilus means red, golden red or reddish yellow, and is an allusion to the red colour of the fins.[6]
Species
Rutilus contains the following valid species:[3]
- Rutilus caspicus (Yakovlev, 1870) (Caspian roach)
- Rutilus frisii (Nordmann, 1840) (Black Sea roach)
- Rutilus heckelii (Nordmann, 1840)
- Rutilus kutum (Kamensky, 1901) (Kutum)
- Rutilus lacustris (Pallas, 1814) (Pontic roach)
- Rutilus meidingeri (Heckel, 1851) (Pearlfish)
- Rutilus pigus (Lacepède, 1803) (Pigo)
- Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Common roach)
- Rutilus sojuchbulagi Abdurakhmanov, 1950 (Akstafa spring roach)
- Rutilus virgo (Heckel, 1852) (Cactus roach)
Characteristics
Rutilus, according to Rafinesque, was characterised by "Vent posterior nearer to the tail. Abdominal fins with nine rays. Mouth large and with lips. Scales large."[7] The smallest species in the genus is R. sojuchbulagi with a maximum total length of Template:Cvt,[8] while the largest are R. frisii and R. meidingeri with a maximum total length of Template:Cvt.[2]
Distribution
Rutilus is a widely distributed genus of leuciscids and fishes from this genus are found from Western Europe to Eastern Siberia.[9]
References
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- ^ a b c d Template:Cof family
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Levin, B.A.; Simonov, E.P.; Ermakov, O.A.; Levina, M.A.; Interesova, E.A.; Kovalchuk, O.M.; Malinina, Y.A.; Mamilov, N.S.; Mustafayev, N.J.; Pilin, D.V.; Pozdeev, I.V.; Prostakov, N.I.; Roubenyan, H.R.; Titov, S.V.; Vekhov, D.A. (2017). "Phylogeny and phylogeography of the roaches, genus Rutilus (Cyprinidae), at the Eastern part of its range as inferred from mtDNA analysis". Hydrobiologia. 788 (1): 33–46.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bianco, P.G.; Ketmaier, V. (2014). "A revision of the Rutilus complex from Mediterranean Europe with description of a new genus, Sarmarutilus, and a new species, Rutilus stoumboudae (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3841 (3): 379–402. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3841.3.4.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Christopher Scharpf (8 April 2024). "Family LEUCISCIDAE: Subfamily LEUCISCINAE Bonaparte 1835 (European Minnows)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 16 April 2025.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Richard Ellsworth Call (1899) [1820]. Ichthyologia Ohiensis [or Natural History of the Fishes Inhabiting the River Ohio and its Tributary Streams]. The Burrows Brothers Co. includes a reprint of Rafinesque's original text
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Freyhof, Jörg; Yoğurtçuoğlu, Baran; Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash; Kaya, Cüneyt (2025). Handbook of Freshwater Fishes of West Asia. p. 397.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.B. A. Levin; E. P. Simonov; O. A. Ermakov; et al. (2016). "Phylogeny and phylogeography of the roaches, genus Rutilus (Cyprinidae), at the Eastern part of its range as inferred from mtDNA analysis". Hydrobiologia. 788 (1): 33–46. doi:10.1007/s10750-016-2984-3.
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