Ryazan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "other uses". Template:DMCA Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".

Ryazan (Template:Langx, Script error: No such module "IPA".; also Riazan) is the largest city and the administrative center of Ryazan Oblast, Russia. The city is located on the banks of the Oka River in Central Russia, Template:Cvt southeast of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, Ryazan had a population of 524,927, making it the 33rd most populated city in Russia, and the fourth most populated in Central Russia after Moscow, Voronezh, and Yaroslavl.Page Module:Historical populations/styles.css has no content.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
189746,122—    
192648,989+6.2%
193995,357+94.6%
1959214,130+124.6%
1970350,151+63.5%
1979453,267+29.4%
1989514,638+13.5%
2002521,560+1.3%
2010524,927+0.6%
2021528,599+0.7%
Source: Census data

An older city, now known as Old Ryazan (Template:Langx), was located Template:Cvt east of modern-day Ryazan during the late Middle Ages, and served as capital of the Principality of Ryazan up until the Mongol invasion in 1237. During the Siege of Ryazan, it became one of the first cities in Russia to be besieged and completely razed to the ground. The capital was subsequently moved to Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky (Template:Langx), and later renamed to Ryazan by order of Catherine the Great in 1778.[1]

The city is known for the Ryazan Kremlin, a historic museum; the Pozhalostin Museum, one of the oldest art museums in Russia; the Memorial Museum-Estate of Academician I.P. Pavlov; and the Ryazan Museum of Long-Range Aviation.

In 2022, the Ministry of Construction published an updated rating of the new urban digitalization index. Ryazan entered the top three cities with a population of 250 thousand to a million people.[2]

History

Principality of Ryazan

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote".

File:Old map of Ryazan.jpg
Old map of Ryazan (1909)

The first written mention of the city, under the name of Pereslavl, dates to 1095. The city became part of the independent Principality of Ryazan, which had existed since 1129, centered on the old city of Ryazan. The first ruler of Ryazan was supposedly Yaroslav Sviatoslavich, Prince of Ryazan and Murom (cities of Kievan Rus').[citation needed]

Invasion by Mongols

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote".

In the 12th century, the lands of Ryazan – being located on the border between woodlands and the steppe – suffered numerous invasions from the southern and northern parts of European Russia. Southern invasions were usually carried out by the Cumans; on the northern side Ryazan was in conflict with Vladimir-Suzdal, who by the end of the 12th century had burnt the capital of Ryazan several times.

In the 13th century, Ryazan was the first Russian city to face Mongolian invasion by the hordes of Batu Khan. On 21 December 1237, after a short siege, it was completely destroyed and never recovered. As a result of the takeover, the seat of the principality was moved about Template:Cvt to the town of Pereslavl-Ryazansky, which subsequently took the name of the destroyed capital. The site of the old capital now carries the name of Staraya Ryazan (Old Ryazan), close to Spassk-Ryazansky. Maps of the 16th-18th centuries show Ryazan (Old Ryazan) and Pereslavl-Ryazan together.[3][4][5][6]

Golden Horde

File:Staraya Ryazan-2.jpg
Old Ryazan remnants: Cathedral of St. Boris and Gleb
File:A-Ryazan Kremlin.jpg
Ryazan Kremlin

In 1380, during the Battle of Kulikovo, the Grand Prince of Ryazan Oleg and his men came under a coalition of Mamai, a strongman of the Tatar Golden Horde, and the Grand Duke of Lithuania, against the armies under the command of the Grand Prince of Vladimir, Dmitry Donskoy.

Late in the 13th century, the Princes of Ryazan moved their capital to Pereyaslavl' (Template:Langx), which is known as Ryazan from the 16th century (officially renamed in 1778).

The principality was finally dissolved and incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1521. The principality's last duke, Ivan V of Ryazan, was imprisoned for a short time for being suspected of a treasonous attempt to seal a treaty with Crimean Khanate in order to outweigh Moscow's influence. The duke fled to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania where he died no later than 1534.[7][8]

Being the southernmost border of Rus' lands at the time, Ryazan continued to suffer from invasions of Crimean Tatars and their allies.

Grand Duchy of Moscow

Tsardom of Russia

Page Module:Message box/ambox.css has no content.

Time of Troubles

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

In June of 1605 Ryazan became a seat for Greek Cypriot-born Patriarch Ignatius, a clergyman who was sent by Russian Orthodox Church to serve as an archbishop of Ryazan.[9][10] He was notorious for becoming the first church official to recognize a Poland-backed impostor False-Dmitry as a legitimate monarch, alleged Czar of Tsardom of Russia, after meeting with his forces in Tula.[11]

Around that time Ryazan ex-duchy became a home for various noble families, most notable of which are Lyapunovs, whose brothers Prokopy and Zakhary Lyapunov played a significant roles in shaping Russian history during the Time of Troubles.

Soviet Union

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

During World War II, Ryazan was repeatedly bombed by German Luftwaffe.[12][13] Immediately after the war, rapid development of the city began, and it became a major industrial, scientific, and military center of the European part of Russia.[12][14] On 19 October 1960 a petroleum refinery produced its first gasoline.[15]

Ryazan housed the USSR's only producer of potato-harvesting equipment at the time. Ryazselmash factory (Template:Langx), an accounting machines plant, and a heavy forging equipment plant, among others, were also built.[14]

Because of the city's industrialization, Ryazan Oblast's share of workers employed in the agrarian sector shifted into the industrial sector.[14]

Ryazan was developed as a military center and became the main training center of the Soviet Airborne Forces. Several positioned man-portable air-defense systems protect the urban sky. Besides the Airborne School (at the time named after Kliment Voroshilov[12]), Ryazan has the Automobile School and Institute of Communications, a regiment of railway troops, an airbase for strategic bombers, and a training center in Diaghilev.

Ryazan developed particularly rapidly while Nadezhda Nikolaevna Chumakova served as Chair of the Council of People's Deputies of Ryazan and Ryazan mayor. Under Chumakova, the city's population increased from 72,000 to 520,000. Chumakova oversaw the construction of social and cultural amenities, more than 20 urban areas, and hundreds of kilometers of trolleybus, tram and bus routes. Landscaping became a fundamental strategy for the development of the city at that time. A "green" ring of forests, parks, and garden associations surrounded Ryazan, with large parks located in each area of the city, and compositions of flowers and vertical gardening became customary, not only for the main streets, but also for industrial zones and factory buildings. Ryazan repeatedly won recognition among the cities of the Soviet Union for its landscaping. During her 26 years in office, Chumakova often accepted awards of the Red Banner of the USSR on behalf of Ryazan.

Post-Soviet period

Page Module:Message box/ambox.css has no content.

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

By the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union, more than half of the city's GDP was being exported into its satellite states. In the 1990s, Ryazan experienced significant economic troubles as part of the 1998 Russian financial crisis, with many ex-Soviet and newly established companies going bankrupt by the end of the decade.[16] In September 1999, Ryazan suffered a series of attempted apartment bombings (see Ryazan Incident below).

As of 2001, Ryazan remained significantly politically and economically influenced by the neighboring Moscow Oblast.[17]

Culture

Architecture

Page Module:Message box/ambox.css has no content.

Ryazan's churches were built between the 15th and 19th centuries.

Community

In 2006 and 2007, the Public Committee in Defense of the Historical and Architectural Museum "Ryazan Kremlin" campaigned against attempts by the Diocese of Voronezh to establish ownership over the Ryazan Kremlin.[18]

A number of environmental groups are active in the city, campaigning for the removal of illegal landfills and volunteering for water area clean up. In 2019 and 2020, these groups organized and staged ecological pickets and protests.[19][20]

Religion

Page Module:Message box/ambox.css has no content.

Ryazan is the seat of Diocese of Ryazan and Kasimov, an eparchy of the Russian Orthodox Church. Assumption Cathedral is in the city's Ryazan Kremlin section.

Geography

Environment

As of 2021 an environmental pollution of air in the city remain relatively high.[21] Excessive emissions of toxic fumes and gaseous substances such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) from neighbouring industries (i.e. oil refinery) located next to the city are often reported by local media.[22] In December 2020 local government was trying to address the problem by fining local commercial organizations.[23]

Climate

Ryazan has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb).[24] The highest temperature recorded is Template:Cvt in August 2010 while the lowest temperature recorded is Template:Cvt in January 1940.[25]

Script error: No such module "weather box".

Government

File:Здание Правительства Рязанской области..JPG
Ryazan Government building

The Ryazan city governing body is divided among the City's legislature (Ryazan City Duma), City administration and the district's courts.

Executive powers of the city are administered by the city governor, his advisers and deputies.[26] Formal control over activities of authorities is exercised by the Public Chamber of the city of Ryazan, who work with youth involved in the headquarters of youth activists.

The City Duma is a local parliament authorized to make city-wide laws. It's divided into sub-committees.[27]

Ryazan is also a system of community councils areas which are deliberative bodies coordinating the work of services housing and communal services and the Department of Public Works in urban areas.

Regional authorities

The city also hosts different regional governing bodies: Ryazan Oblast Duma (regional parliament), the Government and the Governor of the Ryazan Oblast. In two urban and one suburban residence being received at the highest level.

Administrative and municipal status

Borders

Ryazan is the administrative center of the oblast[28] and, within the framework of administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Ryazansky District, even though it is not a part of it.[citation needed] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of regional significance of Ryazan[28] — an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[citation needed] As a municipal division, the city is incorporated as Ryazan Urban Circuit.[29]

City districts

The city of Ryazan is divided into four administrative districts [ru]:

Protests

In January 2021 the city saw a spike in protest activity. As many as 2000 people have participated in rallies in Ryazan alone as part of the 2021 Russian protests.[30]

Education

Important educational institutions in the city include:

Crime

1990s gangs

Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.

External images
image icon Vyacheslav Ermolov, unknown date
image icon Vyacheslav Ermolov (left) with members of his gang, 1990s

Ryazan, like many cities in Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union, saw a rise in crime during the 1990s. Slonovskaya organized criminal group [ru] (Template:Langx) (Slony for short), one of the largest gangs in Russia, managed to monopolize the downtown area and the criminal underworld of Ryazan. The name is literally translated as "Elephants", after one of its leaders' height and power: Vyacheslav Ermolov Evgenievich (born 1962), nicknamed "Elephant". Before his criminal career started, he was a taxi driver. The other leader was a personal driver of the vice prosecutor of the city.[33]

In 1991, the gang became heavily involved in the racketeering of newly privatized industries, motor vehicle sales, real estate, contract killings in other regions, participated in gang violence, kidnappings, and committed at least one armed attack on rivals which left eight or ten dead in November of 1993.[34][35]

According to Russian TV channel NTV, the gang was linked to local authorities.[36] By 1995, Slony managed to briefly seize control over almost the entire business community of Ryazan. This situation continued up until 1996 when local law enforcement managed to apprehend some suspects linked to the gang. By 2000 the gang was almost eliminated. Some members were either sentenced to jail or were on the run.[37] One member of the group allegedly committed suicide in a detention center of Tolyatti in 2016 and another in Ryazan according to Russian sources.[38] Slony's chief leader, Ermolov, was still wanted as of August 2021.[38]

In the same period, evidence was gathered against the former (4th) mayor and chairman of city duma, Fyodor Provotorov [ru]. Provotorova held powerful positions in the city for eight years, and, according to local authorities, was associated with the activities of the Slony gang.

Besides Slony, there were two other powerful criminal groups which rivaled Slony and were active in 1996-2001: Osokyn's gang [ru] and Airapetov's gang [ru]. By the 2018 many of Elephants had served their prison terms and were freed.[39] Some of members of the Osokyn's gang were sentenced up to 20 years in 2011. Its leader, who is currently a fugitive, was allegedly apprehended in 2016 by Ukrainian authorities in Ukraine.

Ryazan Incident

In 1999 a group of allegedly plain-clothes FSB officers attempted to blow up a building on the East side of the city. The event is known as the Ryazan Incident.[40][41]

2000s

Today, the crime rate in Ryazan is one of the lowest among the cities of the Central Federal District according to the Russian Interior Ministry. In the first six-months of 2012, 579,6 crimes were reported per 100 000 people, almost half the Central Federal District average of 839 reported crimes per 100 000 people. The low crime rate in Ryazan is often attributed to an increased number of police patrols, a high number of military schools, and voluntary militias headquarters distributed throughout the city's districts.[citation needed]

Economy

File:Freight train ryazan region 2020.jpg
Railroads supply local refining industry with petroleum
File:AmaksRyazan.jpg
City hotel AMAKS
File:Ryazan Mall Victoria Plaza.jpg
Central Mall

Major industry enterprises in the city include a military radio electronics production plant and an oil refinery (subsidiary) of Rosneft, JSC Ryazan Oil Refining Company).[42] The plant can refine 17 million metric tons of oil per year[32] and is the city's largest employer.

Around a quarter of the city's population works in the electronics industry. The most notable company in this sector is Plazma, which produces plasma screens for products including tanks and locomotives. In 1994, the company created a 50-50 research and development joint-venture with the South Korean company Orion PDP. In addition to plasma technology, Plazma produces LCD screens, industrial gas lasers and medical lasers. The company exports its products to the United States, China, and Israel, among others.[32]

In 1993 software development company EPAM Systems entered the Ryazan market. As of 2016 it worked in joint venture with RSREU helping to teach students for free.[31]

In 2012 Russian search giant Yandex launched the 40MW data center in Sasovo; it is expected to accommodate 100,000 servers by 2019.[43]

A steel casting company in the northwestern section of the city produces heavy steelworks and product, including industrial steel pipes for use in nuclear power plants. The plant employs a centrifugal casting method.[citation needed]

Public transportation

A railway connects city to the Moscow (since 1864) via two train stations: Template:Interlanguage link multi and Template:Interlanguage link multi; both of which are part of the Ryazan railroad transit system within the city's borders.[44]

Airports

The Dyagilevo strategic bomber base is just west of the city, and the Alexandrovo air base is to the southeast, as is Turlatovo Airport.

Notable people

Arts

Athletics

Engineering and science

Others

Twin towns and sister cities

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

Ryazan is twinned with:[45]

Page Template:Div col/styles.css has no content.

References

Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.

  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."5. ПЕРЕЯСЛАВЛЬ РЯЗАНСКИЙ (История города)". pravgymn62.ru. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Назаров Александр Юрьевич рассказал об инновационных разработках Ростеха в рамках концепции «Умный город»". ВладТайм - самые независимые новости. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Zatta, Antonio (1782). Governi di Moscovia e Woronez colle loro Provincie Nella Russia Europea Di nuova Projezione [Gouvernements de Moscovie et de Voronej avec leurs provinces de la Russie européenne de nouvelle projection].
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jaillot, Alexis-Hubert (1674). LA RUSSIE BLANCHE ou MOSCOVIE : Diviseé Suivant l'Estendue DES ROYAUMES, DUCHES, PRINCIPAUTES PROVINCES et PEUPLES, qui sont Presentement soubs la Domination DU CZAR DE LA RUSSIE, Cogneu soubs le Nom de GRAND DUC DE MOSCOVIE. ISBN 978-9949-644-00-1. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Яковлев, Алексей Иванович (1916). "Засечная черта Московского государства в XVII веке: очерк из истории обороны южной окраины Московского государства" [La Zasechnaya Cherta de l'État moscovite au XVIIe siècle : Essai sur l'histoire de la défense des confins sud de l'État moscovite]. книжное издание. pp. 313–321.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Martin, Kromer (1589). "Magni Ducatus Lithuaniae, Livoniae et Moscoviae Descriptio: cum privilegio" [Grand-Duché de Lituanie, Livonie et Moscovie - Description : avec privilège]. ISBN 978-9949-564-35-4. {{cite web}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Присоединение к Москве Рязани и Северской земли" [Annexation of Ryazan and Northern lands to Moscow]. rushist.com. Russian Historical Library. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."ИВАН ИВАНОВИЧ (РЯЗАНСКИЙ КНЯЗЬ )" [Ivan Ivanovich, Duke of Ryazan]. w.histrf.ru. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Русские патриархи - Андрей Петрович Богданов". krotov.info. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Патриарх Игнатий (1605-1606 гг.) - Учреждение Патриаршества - Патриарший Период (1586-1700) - Очерки по истории Русской Церкви. Том 2 - Карташев А.В." [Le patriarche Ignace (1605-1606) - L'établissement du patriarcat - La période patriarcale (1586-1700) - Essais sur l'histoire de l'Église russe. Volume 2 - Kartashev A.V.]. 6 June 2013. Archived from the original on 6 June 2013. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Shubin, Daniel H. (2006). A history of Russian Christianity. Algora Pub. ISBN 0-87586-287-X. OCLC 55597177.
  12. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."В 30 километрах от линии фронта: чем жила Рязань в годы войны" [Within 30 Kilometers of Frontline: How Ryazan Lived Through War]. progorod62.ru (in русский). Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Война: Рязанская область 1941 – 1945 гг" [War: Ryazan Oblast during 1941–1945]. regnum.ru (in русский). Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  14. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Атлас Регионов: Рязанская область" [Atlas of Regions: Ryazan Oblast]. ecoross.ru. Moscow State University. 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."АО « Рязанская нефтеперерабатывающая компания »" [Société anonyme de raffinage de pétrole de Ryazan]. January 2022.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Рязанская кинофабрика: триллер продолжается". mediaryazan.ru (in русский). Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Vardomskiy, Leonid B.; Wenger, Andreas; Perovic, Jeronim; Alexandrov, Oleg (September 2001). "Foreign Economic Relations of Ryazan Oblast in the Context of a New Security Environment" (PDF). Zurich: ETH Zurich.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Обращение общественного комитета в защиту Рязанского кремля". December 2007.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Общественники объявили о готовности провести в Рязани экологический митинг за чистый воздух — Новости — город Рязань на городском сайте RZN.info". rzn.info (in русский). 19 August 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."На пикет против загрязнения воздуха в Рязани пришло около 300 человек | Вид сбоку". vidsboku.com. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Доклад об экологической ситуации на территории Рязанской области" [Report on environmental status of Ryazan Oblast] (PDF). Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. 2019.
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Загрязнение воздуха в Рязани признали повышенным в октябре — Новости — город Рязань на городском сайте RZN.info". rzn.info (in русский). 23 November 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Информационная справка об экологической ситуации в г. Рязань". mnr.gov.ru. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification" (PDF). Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11 (5): 1633–1644. Bibcode:2007HESS...11.1633P. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. ISSN 1027-5606.
  25. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Weather and Climate-The Climate of Ryazan" (in русский). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved 29 October 2021.
  26. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Структура администрации". Администрация города Рязани. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
  27. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Структура. Рязанская городская Дума официальный сайт". rgdrzn.ru. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
  28. ^ a b Law #128-OZ.
  29. ^ Law #75-OZ.
  30. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Фоторепортаж. Протесты сторонников Навального в Рязани" [Photoreportage. Protests of Navalny supporters in Ryazan]. rzn.info (in русский). 23 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  31. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Рязанский государственный радиотехнический университет - Совместный учебный центр РГРТУ - EPAM" [Ryazan State Radio Engineering University - Joint study center RSREU-EPAM]. rsreu.ru. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  32. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Anatoly Medetsky (26 June 2011). "Ryazan: Plasma Screens and Pavlov's Dogs". The Moscow Times.
  33. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ermolov, Vyacheslav Evgenievich (Elephant): photo, biography". garynevillegasm.com. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  34. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."#Rodina RP | [RP Bio] Vyacheslav_Ermolov | [NEW]". Форум – Rodina RolePlay (in русский). Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  35. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Вспоминая « лихие 90-е »: расстрел в баре « Сельмаша »". mediaryazan.ru (in русский). Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  36. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.""Охота на слонов". Часть первая". YouTube. Archived from the original on 7 August 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  37. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."ЗАПЛЕЧНЫХ ДЕЛ ОПЕРА. РАССЛЕДОВАНИЯ". Новая газета (in русский). 18 January 2004. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  38. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Охота на « слонов »". kommersant.ru (in русский). 1 March 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  39. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."ОПГ Слонов отсидела кроме лидера Ермолова". kompromat1.pro. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  40. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Foiled Attack or Failed Exercise? A Look at Ryazan 1999". wilsoncenter.org. 7 July 2011. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
  41. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Brown, Keith (6 August 2018). "Vladimir Putin's lying game". theconversation.com. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  42. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Annual Report" (PDF). Rosneft. 2019.
  43. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Oleg Kovalyov at Yandex's data center" (in русский). Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
  44. ^ Train Station in Ryazan Template:In lang Script error: No such module "webarchive"..
  45. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Города-партнёры/Cities-partners". rgdrzn.ru (in русский). Ryazan. Retrieved 1 February 2020.

Sources

  • Script error: No such module "Lang". (Ryazan Oblast Duma. Law #128-OZ of September 12, 2007 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Ryazan Oblast, as amended by the Law #56-OZ of July 27, 2012 On Amending Article 7 of the Law of Ryazan Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Ryazan Oblast". Effective as of the day ten days after the official publication.).
  • Script error: No such module "Lang". (Ryazan Oblast Duma. Law #75-OZ of October 7, 2004 On Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the City of Ryazan and on Establishing Its Borders, as amended by the Law #77-OZ of July 9, 2008 On Establishing the Border of the Municipal Formation—the Urban Okrug of the City of Ryazan. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
  • Script error: No such module "Lang". (Ryazan Oblast Duma. Law #74-OZ of October 7, 2004 On Granting the Municipal Formation of Ryazansky District the Status of a Municipal District, on Establishing Its Borders and the Borders of the Municipal Formations It Comprises, as amended by the Law #45-OZ of April 9, 2008 On Establishing the Border of the Municipal Formation of Ryazansky Municipal Districts and the Borders of the Municipal Formations It Comprises. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).

Further reading

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Authority control/config' not found.

Retrieved from "https://cosmopedia.co/index.php?title=Ryazan&oldid=298974"