Sablefish

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Anoplopoma fimbria
Scientific classification Edit this classification
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Binomial name
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(Pallas, 1814)
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Synonyms[1]

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The sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) is one of two members of the fish family Anoplopomatidae and the only species in the genus Anoplopoma.[1] In English, common names for it include sable (US), butterfish (US), black cod (US, UK, Canada), blue cod (UK), bluefish (UK), candlefish (UK), coal cod (UK), snowfish (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Thailand), coalfish (Canada), beshow, and skil (Canada), although many of these names also refer to other, unrelated, species.[2] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration accepts only "sablefish" as the acceptable market name in the United States; "black cod" is considered a vernacular (regional) name and should not be used as a statement of identity for this species.[3] The sablefish is found in muddy sea beds in the North Pacific Ocean at depths of Template:Cvt and is commercially important to Japan.[4][5]

Description

The sablefish is a species of deep-sea fish common to the North Pacific Ocean.[6] Adult sablefish are opportunistic piscivores, preying on Alaskan pollock, eulachon, capelin, herring, sandlance, and Pacific cod, as well as squid, euphausiids, and jellyfish.[7] Sablefish are long-lived, with a maximum recorded age of 94 years[8] although the majority of the commercial catch in many areas is less than 20 years old.[9][10]

File:Anoplopoma fimbria.png
Illustration

Sablefish growth varies regionally, with larger maximum sizes in Alaska,[10] where total lengths up to Template:Cvt weights up to Template:Cvt have been recorded.[11] However, average lengths are typically below Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt.[11][10]

Tagging studies have indicated that sablefish have been observed to move as much as Template:Cvt before recapture with one study estimating an average distance between release and recapture of Template:Cvt, with an average annual movement of Template:Cvt.[12][13]

Fisheries

Sablefish are typically caught in bottom trawl, longline and pot fisheries. In the Northeast Pacific, sablefish fisheries are managed separately in three areas: Alaska, the Canadian province of British Columbia, and the west coast of the contiguous United States (Washington, Oregon, and California). In all these areas catches peaked in the 1970s and 80s and have been lower since that time due to a combination of reduced populations and management restrictions.[9][14][10] The sablefish longline fishery in Alaska has been certified as sustainable by the Marine Stewardship Council[15] as is the US West Coast limited entry groundfish trawl fishery which includes sablefish.[16]

Longline fisheries in Alaska frequently experience predation of sablefish by killer whales and sperm whales which remove the fish from the hooks during the process of retrieving the gear.[17][18][19]

Sablefish aquaculture is an area of active research.[20]

Culinary use

The white flesh of the sablefish is soft-textured and mildly flavored. It is considered a delicacy in many countries.[which?] When cooked, its flaky texture is similar to Patagonian toothfish (Chilean sea bass). The meat has a high fat content and can be prepared in many ways, including grilling, smoking, or frying, or served as sushi.[21] Sablefish flesh is high in long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, EPA, and DHA. It contains about as much as wild salmon.[22]

Smoked sablefish, often called simply "sable", has long been a staple of New York appetizing stores, one of many smoked fish products usually eaten with bagels for breakfast in American Jewish cuisine.[5][23]

In Japanese cuisine, the black cod (gindara) is often cooked saikyo yaki style, marinated for several days in sweet white miso or sake lees (kasuzuke) then broiled.[24] The Japanese-Peruvian-American chef Nobu Matsuhisa introduced his version of gindara saikyo yaki at his restaurant in Los Angeles, and brought it to his New York restaurant Nobu in 1994, where it is considered his signature dish, under the name "Black Cod with Miso".[25][26][5] Kasuzuke sablefish is popular in Seattle thanks to a large Japanese community in that area.[27]

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File:Kasuzuke.JPG
Sablefish (gindara) kasuzuke from a market in San Francisco, California
File:Milestones - Roasted Sablefish with Seaweed Gnocchi (5852596315).jpg
Roasted sablefish and gnocchi, in Calgary, Alberta
File:Eundaegu-jorim.jpg
Eundaegu-jorim (simmered black cod), in L.A., California
File:Paso Terra - July 2019 - Stierch 03.jpg
Miso black cod at a restaurant in Paso Robles, California

Nutrition

Nutritional information for sablefish is as follows.[28]

Serving Size 100 g
Food Energy
 660 kJ (158 kcal)
Protein
 14.4 g
Energy from protein: 260 kJ (61 kcal)

As a percentage: 39%

Fat
 10.7 g
Energy from fat: 400 kJ (96 kcal)

As a percentage: 61%

Carbohydrate
 0.0 g
Energy from carbohydrate: 0 kJ (0 kcal)

As a percentage: 0.0%

Cholesterol 43.3 mg
Sodium 43.6 mg
Serving Size per 100 g per 420 kJ (100 kcal)
Omega 3 (EPA+DHA) 1792 mg 1137 mg
Vitamin B3 1.6 mg 1.0 mg
Vitamin B6 0.2 mg 0.1 mg
Vitamin B12 2.4 μg 1.5 μg
Vitamin D 132 IU 84 IU
Vitamin E 3 mg 1.9 mg
Calcium 4.4 mg 2.8 mg
Magnesium 18.9 mg 12.0 mg
Phosphorus 194 mg 123 mg
Potassium 363 mg 230 mg
Selenium 30 μg 19 μg

Mercury content

Studies of accumulated mercury levels find average mercury concentrations from 0.1 ppm,[29]Template:Rp 0.2 ppm,[30] and up to 0.4 ppm.[31] The US Food and Drug Administration puts sablefish in the "Good Choices" category in their guide for pregnant women and parents, and recommends one 4-ounce serving (uncooked) a week for an adult, less for children.[32][33] On the other hand, the Alaska epidemiology section considers Alaska sablefish to be "low in mercury"[29]Template:Rp and advises no restrictions on sablefish consumption by all populations.[29]Template:Rp

References

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  1. ^ a b Script error: No such module "Cite taxon".
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Common Names List - Anoplopoma fimbria". Fishbase.org. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Seafood List Search Returns". Archived from the original on 17 July 2010. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sonu, Sunee C. (October 2014). "Supply and Market for Sablefish in Japan" (PDF). NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS. NOAA-TM-NMFS-WCR-102.
  5. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Burros, Marian (16 May 2001). "The Fish That Swam Uptown". The New York Times. p. F1. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
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  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Yang, M-S; M. W. Nelson (2000). Food habits of the commercially important groundfishes in the Gulf of Alaska in 1990, 1993, and 1996 (Technical report). NOAA Technical Memorandum. p. 174. NMFS-AFSC-112.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kimura, Daniel K.; Shaw, A. M.; Shaw, F. R. (1998). "Stock Structure and movement of tagged sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria, in offshore northeast Pacific waters and the effects of El Nino-Southern Oscillation on migration and growth". Fish. Bull. 96: 462–481.
  9. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hanselman DH, Rodgveller CJ, Lunsford CR, Fenske, KH (2017), Assessment of the Sablefish stock in Alaska in: Stock assessment and fishery evaluation report for the groundfish resources of the GOA and BS/AI (PDF), North Pacific Fishery Management Council, 605 W 4th Ave., Suite 306 Anchorage, AK 99501, USA, pp. 307–412
  10. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Haltuch MA, Johnson KF, Tolimieri N, Kapur MS, Castillo-Jordán CA (2019), Status of the sablefish stock in U.S. waters in 2019, Pacific Fisheries Management Council, 7700 Ambassador Place NE, Suite 200, Portland, OR, U.S.A.
  11. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Sablefish Species Profile". adfg.alaska.gov. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Beamish, R. J.; McFarlane, C. A. (1988). "Resident and Dispersal Behavior of Adult Sablefish (Anaplopoma fimbria) in the Slope Waters off Canada's West Coast". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 45 (1): 152–164. doi:10.1139/f88-017. ISSN 0706-652X.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hanselman, Dana H.; Heifetz, Jonathan; Echave, Katy B.; Dressel, Sherri C. (2015). "Move it or lose it: movement and mortality of sablefish tagged in Alaska". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 72 (2): 238–251. doi:10.1139/cjfas-2014-0251. ISSN 0706-652X.
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  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sigler, Michael F.; Lunsford, Chris R.; Straley, Janice M.; Liddle, Joseph B. (2008). "Sperm whale depredation of sablefish longline gear in the northeast Pacific Ocean". Marine Mammal Science. 24 (1): 16–27. Bibcode:2008MMamS..24...16S. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.00149.x. ISSN 0824-0469.
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  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."18 Best Sablefish Recipes To Try". Glorious Recipes. 19 June 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
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  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Elizabeth Andoh (2012). "Miso-marinated broiled fish". Washoku: Recipes from the Japanese Home Kitchen. Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed. p. 229. ISBN 978-0307813558.
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