Samuel Joseph Fuenn

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Samuel Joseph Fuenn
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Vilna, Vilna Governorate, Russian Empire
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Vilna, Vilna Governorate, Russian Empire
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ChildrenDr. Benjamin Fuenn
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Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.Writing career
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LanguageHebrew
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Literary movementHaskalah
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  • Kiryah ne'emanah (1860)
  • Safah le-ne'emanim (1881)
  • Ha-otsar (1884)
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Samuel Joseph Fuenn (Template:Langx; 15 October 1818 – 11 January 1891),Template:Notetag also known as Rashi Fuenn (Script error: No such module "Lang".) and Rashif (Script error: No such module "Lang".), was a Lithuanian Hebrew writer, scholar, printer, and editor. He was a leading figure of the eastern European Haskalah, and an early member of Ḥovevei Zion.[1]Template:R/superscript

Biography

Fuenn was born in Vilna, Russian Empire, the son of merchant and Torah scholar Yitsḥak Aizik Fuenn of Grodno.[2]Template:R/superscript Though he received a traditional religious education until the age of 17,[3]Template:R/superscript he also acquired an extensive general knowledge of German literature and other secular subjects, and became proficient in Russian, French, Latin, Polish, and English.[4]Template:R/superscript He afterwards joined Vilna's circle of young maskilim.[5]Template:R/superscript

In 1848 the government appointed him teacher of Hebrew and Jewish history in the newly founded rabbinical school of Vilna.[6]Template:R/superscript Fuenn filled this position with great distinction till 1856, when he resigned. The government then appointed him superintendent of the Jewish public schools in the district of Vilna,[7]Template:R/superscript in which he introduced instruction in secular studies and modern languages.[8]Template:R/superscript Since Fuenn (Russian финѣ) was employed in the Russian civil service, there was a special feature for him as a Jew, he had to legally sign in Russian according to the applicable Russian laws. Excerpt from the text of the law § 6 The Jew of the Russian Empire in translation: "The use of the Jewish language is not permitted in legal transactions. However, Hebrew home wills are permissible. If a Jew who does not speak any language other than Jewish, a document written or signed in Hebrew must be accompanied by a translation and the signature duly notarized.[9]Template:R/superscript[10]Template:R/superscript

He was a prolific writer, devoting his activity mainly to the fields of history and literature.[8]Template:R/superscript With Eliezer Lipman Hurwitz he edited the short-lived Hebrew periodical Pirḥe tzafon ('Northern Flowers', 1841–43), a review of history, literature, and exegesis.[11]Template:R/superscript For twenty-one years (1860–81), he directed the paper Ha-Karmel ('The Carmel'; at first a weekly, but from 1871 a monthly), devoted to Hebrew literature and Jewish life, with supplements in Russian and German.[12]Template:R/superscript The paper contained many academic articles by the leading Jewish scholars of Europe, besides numerous contributions from Fuenn's own pen,[7]Template:R/superscript including a serialized autobiography entitled Dor ve-dorshav.[13]Template:R/superscript He opened a new Hebrew printing press in Vilna in 1863.[14]Template:R/superscript

Besides his scholarly work, Fuenn owned some property in Vilna, including a bathhouse on Zarechye Street.[15]Template:R/superscript He took an active part in the administration of the city and in its charitable institutions, and was for many years an alderman.[8]Template:R/superscript In acknowledgment of his services the government awarded him two medals.[4]Template:R/superscript He also presided over the third Ḥovevei Zion conference in Vilna, at which he, Samuel Mohilever, and Asher Ginzberg were chosen to direct the affairs of the delegate societies.[16]Template:R/superscript

Fuenn died in Vilna on 11 January 1891. He bequeathed his entire estate to his son, Dr. Benjamin Fuenn, his daughter having converted to Catholicism some years earlier.[15]Template:R/superscript After Benjamin's death, Fuenn's extensive library was added to the collection of the Strashun Library [he].[17]Template:R/superscript

Personal life

Fuenn was married off by his parents at a young age. His first wife died in 1845 while their daughter was still a baby, and his second wife died in the 1848 cholera pandemic, shortly after giving birth to their son Benjamin. He married a third wife in 1851.[1]Template:R/superscript

His niece was the Labour Zionist politician Manya Shochat.[18]Template:R/superscript

Work

Publications

File:Fuenn Ha-Otzar.jpg
Title page of Ha-otsar (1903 edition)
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Samuel Joseph Finn's (Russian финѣ) Russian signature

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Unpublished work

Fuenn left in manuscript form a treatise on Jewish law entitled Darkhei Hashem ('The Paths of God'), written as a response to Alexander McCaul anti-Jewish work The Old Paths.[25]Template:R/superscript Other unpublished works included Ha-moreh ba-emek ('The Teacher in the Valley'), a commentary on Maimonides' Moreh nevukhim; Mishna berurah ('Clarified Teaching') and Ḥokhmat ḥakhamim ('Wisdom of the Sages'), commentaries on the Mishnah; Ha-Torah veha-zeman ('The Torah and Time'), on the evolution of laws and regulations; Sum sekhel, glosses on the Bible; Pirḥe Levanon ('Flowers of Lebanon'), a collection of verses; and Bein ha-perakim ('Between the Chapters'), a commentary on Pirkei de-Rabbi Eliezer.[17]Template:R/superscript

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Notes

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References

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  1. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Feiner, Shmuel (2008). "Fuenn, Shemu'el Yosef". In Hundert, Gershon (ed.). YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. Translated by Fachler, David. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Markon, Ḥayyim Leib (1887). Rabinowitz, Saul Pinchas (ed.). "Dor ve-dorshav: ha-rav ha-gadol veha-ḥakham Rabbi Shmuel Yosef Fin mi-Vilna". Keneset Yisrael (in עברית). 1. Warsaw: Yosef Unterhendler: 8–15.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sokolow, Naḥum (1889). Sefer zikaron le-sofrei Israel ha-ḥayim itanu ka-yom [Memoir Book of Contemporary Jewish Writers] (in עברית). Warsaw. pp. 86–87.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sokolow, Naḥum, ed. (1894). "R. Shmuel Yosef Fin". Ha-Asif (in עברית). 6 (1). Warsaw: Isaac Goldman: 141, 174–176.
  5. ^ Template:Cite EJ
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Rabbi Shmuel Yosef Fin z"l". Ha-Or (in עברית). 7 (13): 1. 16 January 1891.
  7. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Waxman, Meyer (1960). A History of Jewish Literature. History of Jewish literature from the close of the Bible to our own days. Vol. III. New York: Thomas Yoseloff. pp. 337–338.
  8. ^ a b c d e File:PD-icon.svg Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Series I: Rabbinical School (p. 3)" (PDF). The Edward Blank YIVO Vilna Online Collections. The Edward Blank YIVO. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Leuthold, C. F. (1999). Russische Rechtskunde Systematische Darstell und des in Russland geltenden, Privat-, Handels- und Strafrechts, sowie des Prozesses. Verlag von Dnker & Humblot Leipzig 1889. p. 45.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Friedlander, I. (1918). History of the Jews in Russia and Poland, from the Earliest Times Until the Present Day. Vol. II. Translated by Dubnow, S. M. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America. pp. 136, 217.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."HaCarmel". Historical Jewish Press. National Library of Israel. Archived from the original on 21 May 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Alkoshi, Gedalia (1959). "Shmuel Yosef Fin". In Goren, Natan; et al. (eds.). Yahadut Lita [Lithuanian Jewry] (in עברית). Vol. 1. Tel Aviv: Hotsaʼat Am ha-sefer. pp. 438–341.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Финн, Шмуэль Иосеф [Finn, Shmuel Yosef]. Shorter Jewish Encyclopedia (in русский). Vol. 9. Jerusalem: Society for Research on Jewish Communities. 1999. pp. 187–189. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021.
  15. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Abramowicz, Hirsz (1999). Abramowicz, Dina; Shandler, Jeffrey (eds.). Profiles of a Lost World: Memoirs of East European Jewish Life Before World War II. Translated by Dobkin, Eva Zeitlin. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. pp. 223–225. ISBN 0814327842.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Baroway, Aaron (1918). "Samuel Mohilewer". Kadimah. New York: Federation of American Zionists: 181–182.
  17. ^ a b Template:Cite JEBE
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Appel, Tamar Kaplan (31 December 1999). "Mania Wilbushewitch Shochat, 1880–1961". Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women. Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kahan, Yankev (29 October 2018). "Shmuel-Yoysef Fin (S. J. Fuenn)". Yiddish Leksikon. Translated by Fogel, Joshua. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  20. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Eisenstein, Judah David, ed. (1912). Otsar Yisraʼel [Treasury of Israel]. Oẓar Yisrael :an Encyclopedia of all matters concerning Jews and Judaism (in ייִדיש). Vol. 8. New York: J. D. Eisenstein. pp. 246–247.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Greenbaum, Avraham (March 1993). "The beginnings of Jewish historiography in Russia". Jewish History. 7 (1): 99–105. doi:10.1007/BF01674497. JSTOR 20101146. S2CID 159491930.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Zeitlin, William (1890). Bibliotheca hebraica post-Mendelssohniana (in Deutsch). Leipzig: K. F. Koehler's Antiquarium. pp. 101–105, 468.
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Winter, Jakob; Wünsche, August (1896). Die jüdische Literatur seit Abschluss des Kanons: Eine prosaische und poetische Anthologie mit biographischen und literageschichtlichen Einleitungen (in Deutsch). Vol. 3. Berlin: Sigmund Mayer. pp. 753, 853, 855, 877–878, 898.
  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.M. P. (19 October 1887). "Shmuel Yosef Fin (1847–1887)". Ha-Yom (in עברית). 2 (214): 2–3.
  25. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stern, Eliyahu (2017). "Paul in the Jerusalem of Lithuania: Samuel Joseph Fuenn's Paths of God". Talmudic Transgressions. Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism. 181: 407–417. doi:10.1163/9789004345331_016. ISBN 9789004345331.

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