Sangsari language
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| Sangsari | |
|---|---|
| سنگسری, Sangesari | |
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| Native to | Semnan, Mazanderan, Tehran, Golestan & Markazi provinces of Iran |
| Region | Elburz |
| Ethnicity | Semnani |
Native speakers | 43,000 (2021)Template:Ethnologue26 does not exist |
| Persian alphabet | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | sgr |
| Glottolog | sang1315 |
| ELP | Template:Endangered Languages Project |
| Linguasphere | Template:Infobox language/lingualist |
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Sangsari or Sangisari is an Iranian language spoken mainly in the Semnan and Tehran provinces of Iran, especially in the Sangesar (Mahdi Shehr) town and in several surrounding villages. There are around 50,000 Sangsari speakers.[1]
Classification
Ethnologue classifies Sangsari in the Semnani group of Northwestern Iranian languages that also includes Lasgerdi, Semnani, and Sorkhei.[2] Glottolog classifies the Sangsari language within the Komisenian subgroup of the Northwest Iranian branch of the Iranian languages.[3] Glottolog's classification has also been adopted by Wiktionary.[4] Whereas the Komisenian languages consist of Sangsari, Lasgerdi, Sorkhei and Aftari languages[5] the Semnani languages consist of Semnani and Biyabuneki.[6] Sangsari is also, linguistically, close to Zaza, spoken in Anatolia.[7][8][9][10] Jost Gippert classifies Sangsari, Zaza and Balochi together within the Hyrcanian subgroup.[8]
Phonology
The vowels of Sangsari are Script error: No such module "IPA".. The consonants are the same as in Persian.[11]
Grammar
Sangisari, similar to Semnani, Zaza and Tati, has a two-gender, case and ergative system. It distinguishes two numbers in pronouns, singular and plural, and marks two cases, the direct (nominative) and the oblique and distinguishes between masculine and feminine in the third person singular for both the direct and oblique case.[12][13]
Pronouns
| English | Sangsari | Semnani | Zaza | Tati[a] | Tati[b] | Tati[c] | Tati[d] | Tati[e] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| i | a | a | ez | az | az | az | az | az |
| you | tö | tö | tı | ta | ta | tö | ta | tə |
| he | nö | u | o | o | u | a | a | av |
| she | nā | una | a | oa | ua | ā | aya | ava |
| we | ham | hamā | mā | amā | ǰema | čama | amā | âmâ |
| you | xā | šemā | šımā | šomā | šemā | šəma | šömā | šâmâ |
| they | anun | uni | ê/inā | o | unehā | āhā | ay | avə |
See also
notes
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References
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- ^ Ethnologue listing for Sangisari
- ^ Ethnologue listing of Semnani languages
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Glottolog 4.4 - Komisenian".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Category:Komisenian languages - Wiktionary". 19 April 2019.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin (eds.). "Komisenian". Glottolog . Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin (eds.). "Semnani-Biyabuneki". Glottolog . Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Selcan, Zülfü (1998). Grammatik der Zaza-Sprache, Nord-Dialekt (Dersim-Dialekt). Berlin: Wissenschaft und Technik Verlag. pp. 42, 50–52.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Die iranischen Sprachen: Hyrkanische Gruppe". Zazaki.de. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2026.
- ^ Lecoq, P. (1989) Le classement des langues irano-aryennes occidentales, in: C.-H. de Fouchecour I Pb. Gignoux (Hg.), Etudes irano-aryennes offertes a Gilbert Lazard, Paris pp. 247-264.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Windfuhr, Gernot L. (1995). "DIALECTOLOGY". Encyclopaedia Iranica. VII (4): 362–370.
- ^ Lecoq, pg. 309.
- ^ Lecoq, Pierre (1989). "Les Dialectes Caspiens Et Les Dialectes Du Nord-ouest De L'iran". In Schmitt, Rüdiger (ed.). Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum (in French). Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. 301, 309, 314, 318. Template:ISBN.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.کلباسی, ایران (2005). "ویژگیهای شاخص گویش سمنانی" [The Main Characteristics of Semnani Dialect] (PDF). Language and Linguistics. 1 (2): 140.
Pierre Lecoq. 1989. "Les dialectes caspiens et les dialectes du nord-ouest de l'Iran," Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum. Ed. Rüdiger Schmitt. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. Pages 296–314.
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