Septum

Not to be confused with Septem.

In biology, a septum (Latin for something that encloses; Template:Plural form septa) is a wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones. A cavity or structure divided in this way may be referred to as septate.

Examples

Human anatomy

• Interatrial septum, the wall of tissue that is a sectional part of the left and right atria of the heart

A diagram of a healthy heart and one suffering from ventricular septal defect

• Interventricular septum, the wall separating the left and right ventricles of the heart
• Lingual septum, a vertical layer of fibrous tissue that separates the halves of the tongue

The lingual septum can be seen running vertically through the center of the tongue.

• Nasal septum: the cartilage wall separating the nostrils of the nose

Alveolar septa (AS)

• Alveolar septum: the thin wall which separates the alveoli from each other in the lungs
• Orbital septum, a palpebral ligament in the upper and lower eyelids
• Septum pellucidum or septum lucidum, a thin structure separating two fluid pockets in the brain
• Uterine septum, a malformation of the uterus
• Penile septum, a fibrous wall between the two corpora cavernosa penis
• Septum glandis, partition of the ventral aspect of the glans penis
• Scrotal septum, layer of tissue dividing the scrotum
• Vaginal septum, a lateral or transverse partition inside the vagina
• Intermuscular septa separating the muscles of the arms and legs

Histological septa are seen throughout most tissues of the body, particularly where they are needed to stiffen soft cellular tissue, and they also provide planes of ingress for small blood vessels. Because the dense collagen fibres of a septum usually extend out into the softer adjacent tissues, microscopic fibrous septa are less clearly defined than the macroscopic types of septa listed above. In rare instances, a septum is a cross-wall. Thus it divides a structure into smaller parts.

Cell biology

The septum (cell biology) is the boundary formed between dividing cells in the course of cell division.

Septins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Fungus

Septate hyphae of the fungus Alternaria, showing the septa between individual cells

• A partition dividing filamentous hyphae into discrete cells in fungi.

Botany

A tomato has septa that divide the fruit into chambers (locules) that contain the seeds.

• A partition that separates the locules of a fruit, anther, or sporangium.

Zoology

A coral septum is one of the radial calcareous plates in the corallites of a coral.

Annelids have septa that divide their coelom into segmented chambers.

Many shelled organisms have septa subdividing their shell chamber, including rhizopods, cephalopods and gastropods, the latter seemingly serving as a defence against shell-boring predators.

Laboratory technology

• A rubber septum is an engineered membrane that permits transfer of a substance (usually liquid or gas) without contact with air, usually using a syringe with needle.