Sharada script
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| Sharada script Śāradā Template:Script/Sharada | |
|---|---|
| Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. Śāradā Alphabet Chart (top four rows are vowels and diacritics, followed by consonants) | |
| Script type | |
Period | 700 CE –present (almost extinct)[1] |
| Direction | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:GetParameters' not found. |
| Region | India, Pakistan, Central Asia |
| Languages | Sanskrit, Kashmiri |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | |
Child systems | Takri Landa |
Sister systems | Siddham, Tibetan,[2][3] Kalinga, Bhaiksuki |
| ISO 15924 | |
| ISO 15924 | Page Template:Mono/styles.css has no content.Shrd Page Template:Mono/styles.css has no content.(319), Sharada, Śāradā |
| Unicode | |
Unicode alias | Sharada |
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| |
Template:Contains special characters
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The Śāradā (also spelled Sarada or Sharada) script is an abugida writing system of the Brahmic family of scripts. The script was widespread between the 8th and 12th centuries in the northwestern parts of Indian Subcontinent (in Kashmir and neighbouring areas), for writing Sanskrit and Kashmiri.[4][1][5] Although originally a signature Brahminical script created in the valley, it was more widespread throughout northwestern Indian subcontinent, and later became restricted to Kashmir, and is now rarely used, except by the Kashmiri Pandit community for religious purposes.[1]
It is a native script of Kashmir and is named after the goddess Śāradā or Saraswati, the goddess of learning and the main Hindu deity of the Sharada Peeth temple.[7]
History
Sharda script is named after the Hindu goddess Śāradā, also known as Saraswati, the goddess of learning and the main Hindu deity of the Sharada Peeth temple.[7]
Although originally a script restricted to only Brahmins, Sharda was later spread throughout the larger Hindu population in Northwestern Indian subcontinent, as Hinduism became the dominant religion in the region again.[7][8][9]
The Bakhshali manuscript uses an early stage of the Sharada script.[4] The Sharada script was used in Afghanistan as well as in the Himachal region in India. In Afghanistan, the Kabul Ganesh has a 6th to 8th century Proto-Sharada[<span title="Script error: No such module "decodeEncode".">clarification needed] inscription mentioning the, Turk Shahis, king Khingala of Oddiyana.[10] At the historic temple of Mirkula Devi (also Mrikula Devi) in Lahaul, [Himachal Pradesh], the goddess Mahishamardini has a Sharada inscription of 1569 CE.[11]
From the 10th century onwards, regional differences started to appear between the Sharada script used in Punjab, the Hill States (partly Himachal Pradesh) and Kashmir. Sharada proper was eventually restricted to very limited ceremonial use in Kashmir, as it grew increasingly unsuitable for writing the Kashmiri language.[12] With the last known inscription dating to 1204 C.E., the early 13th century marks a milestone in the development of Sharada.[12] The regional variety in Punjab continued to evolve from this stage through the 14th century; during this period it starts to appear in forms closely resembling Gurmukhī and other Landa scripts. By the 15th century, Sharada had evolved so considerably that epigraphists denote the script at this point by a special name, Devāśeṣa.[12]
Letters
Vowels
Consonants
Numerals
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Sharada script uses its own signs for the positional decimal numeral system.
Image gallery
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Sharada vowels -
Sharada consonant signs -
Sanskrit (above; devanagari script) and Kashmiri language (below; sharada script) -
Old manuscript using Sharada script -
The Sharadastotra rendered in the style of handwritten manuscripts from the 17th to 19th century -
Kashmiri miniature painting of Brahma, Vishnu, Mahesh, and other Indic deities figuratively within the Sharada script Omkar glyph -
Folio of the Citrabhânuçataka by Ratnakantha Rajanaka written in Sharada script, circa 17th century
Unicode
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Śāradā script was added to the Unicode Standard in January, 2012 with the release of version 6.1.[13]
The Unicode block for Śāradā script, called Sharada, is U+11180–U+111DF:
Kashmiri-specific vowels for contemporary use with Śāradā script were added in September 2025 with the release of version 17.0.
They are in the Sharada Supplement block, which is U+11B60–U+11B7F: Template:Unicode chart Sharada Supplement
See also
- Lipi – writing scripts in Buddhist, Hindu and Jaina texts
- Sharada Peeth in Kashmir
References
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- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Singh, Upinder (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Pearson Education India. p. 43. ISBN 9788131711200.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Daniels, P.T. (27 March 2008). "Writing systems of major and minor languages". In Kachru, Braj B.; Kachru, Yamuna; Sridhar, S. N. (eds.). Language in South Asia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-46550-2.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Masica, Colin (1993). The Indo-Aryan languages. p. 143.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Selin, Helaine (2008). Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures. Springer Science & Business Media. p. Bakhshali Manuscript entry. Bibcode:2008ehst.book.....S. ISBN 9781402045592.
- ^ Sir George Grierson. (1916). "On the Sharada Alphabet". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 17.
- ^ For photograph of statue and details of inscription, see: Dhavalikar, M. K., "Script error: No such module "lang".: Myth and Reality", in: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found..
- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Pandits to visit Sharda temple". The Hindu. 17 May 2006. Archived from the original on 4 February 2007. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Indigenous Script of Kashmir – The Sharda Script". June 12, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Fogelin, Lars (2015). An Archaeological History of Indian Buddhism. Oxford University Press. p. 149. ISBN 9780199948239. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
...the emergence and spread of Hinduism through Indian society helped lead to Buddhism's gradual decline in India.
- ^ From Persepolis to the Punjab: Exploring Ancient Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan, Elizabeth Errington, Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis, British Museum Press, 2007 p. 96
- ^ Observations on the Architecture and on a Carved Wooden Door of the Temple of Mirkulā Devī at Udaipur, Himachal Pradesh, Francesco Noci, East and West, Vol. 44, No. 1 (March 1994), pp. 99-114
- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pandey, Anshuman (2009-03-25). "N3545: Proposal to Encode the Sharada Script in ISO/IEC 10646" (PDF). Working Group Document, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pandey, Anshuman (2009-08-05). "L2/09-074R2: Proposal to encode the Sharada Script in ISO/IEC 10646" (PDF).
Works cited
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Brown, Robert (1991), Ganesh: Studies of an Asian God, Albany: State University of New York, ISBN 978-0791406571
External links
- Aksharamukha: Sharada script
- Saerji. (2009). Śāradā script: Akṣara List of the Manuscript of Abhidharmadīpa (ca. the 11th Century). Research Institute of Sanskrit Manuscripts & Buddhist Literature, Peking University.
- Prevalence of the Śāradā Script in Afghanistan Script error: No such module "webarchive".
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