Shuar language
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| Shuar | |
|---|---|
| "Jivaro" | |
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| Native to | Ecuador |
| Region | Morona-Santiago Province, Pastaza Province |
| Ethnicity | Shuar |
Native speakers | 35,000 (2007)[1] |
Chicham
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| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | jiv |
| Glottolog | shua1257 |
| ELP | Template:Endangered Languages Project |
| Linguasphere | Template:Infobox language/lingualist |
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Shuar ('people', also known by the derogatory term Jivaro, also spelled Chiwaro, Jibaro, or Xivaro) is an indigenous language spoken by the Shuar people of Morona Santiago Province and Pastaza Province in the Ecuadorian Amazon basin.
Classification
The Shuar language, as it stands today, is considered part of the Chicham (or Jivaroan) language family.[2]
Education
Radio schools
The geographical remoteness within the Ecuadorian rainforest isolates the Shuar and has widely scattered the people from one another. As a result, in the late 1960s, radio schools were formed to promote communication and education in both Spanish and Shuar.[3] This inadvertently transformed into a language revitalization initiative for the Shuar people. Radio schools were shut down in 2001 and replaced with formal bilingual in-class teaching.[3]
Phonology
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Consonants
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |
| Plosive | p | t | k | |
| Affricate | t͡s | t͡ʃ | ||
| Fricative | s | ʃ | h | |
| Trill | r | |||
| Semivowel | j | w |
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i ĩ | ɨ ɨ̃ | u ũ |
| Open | a ã |
Literature
The Constitution of Ecuador has been translated in its entirety into the Shuar language. Its official name in Shuar is Script error: No such module "Lang"..[4]
Sample text
The following text is an official translation of part of Article 2 of the Constitution of Ecuador which stipulates the language policy of the State.[4]
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Translation in English: "Article 2.- ... Spanish is Ecuador's official language; Spanish, Kichwa and Shuar are official languages for intercultural ties. The other ancestral languages are in official use by indigenous peoples in the areas where they live and in accordance with the terms set forth by law. The State shall respect and encourage their preservation and use."
References
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- ^ Shuar at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Unrepresented Nations and People Organization (UNPO). "The Shuar, a Forgotten Indigenous Community in Ecuador".
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|url=(help)[1] - ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Grenoble, Lenore A (2006). Saving Languages: An introduction to language revitilization. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 78–83. ISBN 978-0-521-81621-2.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Constitución de la República del Ecuador en Shuar". issuu. 27 June 2011. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
- Turner, Glen D. (1958): "Alternative phonemicizing in Jivaro", in International Journal of American Linguistics 24, 2, pp. 87–94.
External links
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dryer, Matthew S.; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Shuar". World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Shuar
- Shuar Language Guide
- The Bible in Shuar
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