Sidney Lens

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Sidney Lens
Born
Sidney Okun

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Newark, New Jersey, U.S.
DiedScript error: No such module "person date".
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
OccupationTemplate:Pluralize from textLabor activist, journalist, author, editor
Years active1930s–1980s
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Known forLabor organizing; socialist activism; anti-war movement; writings on American labor history
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Notable workLeft, Right, and Center; The Forging of the American Empire; Unrepentant Radical
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Template:Pluralize from text
SpouseTemplate:Pluralize from textShirley RubenTemplate:Pluralize from text
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Sidney Lens (January 12, 1912 – June 18, 1986), also known by his birth name Sidney Okun, was an American labor leader, political activist, and author, best known for his 1977 book, The Day Before Doomsday, which warns of the prospect of nuclear annihilation.

Early life

Sidney Lens was born Sidney Okun on January 12, 1912, in Newark, New Jersey, to Charles and Sophie Okun, Jewish immigrants from Russia who had arrived in the United States in 1907. His father, who was a pharmacist, died when Lens was three years old, and he was raised by his single mother who worked long hours in the New York City garment industry. Lens changed his name in the early 1930s.[1][2][3]

Raised in the Lower East Side neighborhood in New York City, Lens attended Rabbi Jacob Joseph School[4] and DeWitt Clinton High School. He briefly enrolled at New York University night school, but left without a degree.[5]

Career

Lens became a socialist in the early 1930s, and joined the American Workers Party (Trotskyist) in 1934. He focused on union organizing as the primary vehicle for revolutionary change. Lens helped organize department store and auto workers in the 1930s, and participated in the Flint sit-down strike in 1936.[5]

Lens joined Hugo Oehler’s breakaway Revolutionary Workers League (RWL) in 1936, and relocated to Chicago as a full-time revolutionary. He wrote for party publications and produced Marxist pamphlets, but he also criticized factionalism and sectarian splits within the Trotskyist movement. He acknowledged later that the RWL failed due to ideological rigidity and lack of growth. The RWL dissolved in 1948.[5]

Lens worked as a union organizer in Chicago through the 1940s, although he was critical of American Federation of Labor (AFL) corruption and backroom deals. He helped establish and lead a Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) local, and later moved it into an AFL affiliate. Lens worked as a union director into the late 1960s. He opposed the wartime “no-strike pledge” as a concession to capitalism. Ultimately, Lens became disillusioned with the centralized business unionism in both the AFL and the CIO.[5]

Lens was active in the anti-war movement during the Vietnam War.[6] Among those he was influenced by was the Dutch-American pacifist A.J. Muste.[2] In 1967, he was among more than 500 writers and editors who signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse to pay the 10% Vietnam War Tax surcharge proposed by president Johnson.[7]

Lens was a contributor to The Progressive and wrote more than twenty books. He ran for public office three times, culminating in 1980 when he was the Citizens Party (United States) candidate for United States Senate in Illinois.[3]

Along with his 1977 book The Day Before Doomsday which warned of the dangers of nuclear war, Lens also wrote a history of U.S. intervention abroad, The Forging of the American Empire, originally published in 1974 and republished in 2003 by Haymarket Books with a new introduction by Howard Zinn; and an autobiography, Unrepentant Radical.

Personal life

Lens married Chicago public school teacher and fellow progressive Shirley Rubin in 1946. He had no children.[2][3][1]

Death and legacy

Lens died from melanoma in Chicago on June 18, 1986.[2][3][1][8] His archives are preserved by the Chicago History Museum Research Center.[3] The Sidney Lens Photograph Collection is held in the University Library at California State University, Northridge. This collection consists of photographs taken by Sidney Lens, who is depicted in some of the images. Other papers and books related to the legacy of Sidney Lens are also held at the CSUN University Library Special Collections and Archives.[9]

Bibliography

  • John Dewey, a Marxian critique [Chicago] Revolutionary workers league, U.S. 1942 written under his birth name, Sid Okun
  • Left, Right, and Center (Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1949): explains some of the anomalies of the American labor movement[10]
  • The Counterfeit Revolution (Boston: Beacon Press, 1952): why Stalinism, despite its corrupt nature, nonetheless appeals to millions of people in the non-communist world
  • A World in Revolution (1956): revolutionary movements around the world, based on extensive travels
  • The Crisis of American Labor (1959), which theorized that anti-communist purges had robbed the labor movement of its higher ambitions[11]
  • Working Men (1960): a history of labor, for young people[12]
  • Africa, Awakening Giant for young people
  • The Futile Crusade: Anti-Communism as American Credo (1964): how American foreign policy was being hobbled by equating liberalism and socialism with communism[13]
  • A Country Is Born (1964): the story of the American Revolution, for young people
  • Radicalism in America (1966): a history of the American left from 1620 to the present
  • What Unions Do
  • Poverty: America's Enduring Paradox (1969): poverty and anti-poverty programs from the Renaissance to the Great Society
  • The Military Industrial Complex (Kahn and Averill, 1970)[14]
  • The Forging of the American Empire (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1971): American intervention and imperial expansionism throughout its history[15]
  • The Labor Wars (New York: Doubleday, 1973): the struggles of the labor movement from the Molly Maguires to the 1930s
  • Poverty, Yesterday and Today (1973) a history of poverty for young people
  • The Promise and Pitfalls of Revolution (1974)[16]
  • The Day Before Doomsday (New York: Doubleday, 1977): On the dangers of nuclear war[17]
  • The Unrepentant Radical (Boston: Beacon Press, 1980): Autobiography[18]
  • The Bomb (YA; New York: Dutton, 1982): a history of the arms race
  • The Maginot Line Syndrome: America's Hopeless Foreign Policy (Ballinger, 1982)[19]
  • Strikemakers and Strikebreakers (YA; New York: Dutton, 1985)[20]
  • The Permanent War (New York: Schocken, 1987): a shadow, unaccountable American government is committed to maintaining a permanent state of militarism
  • Vietnam: A War on Two Fronts (YA; New York: Dutton, 1990)[21]

See also

References

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  1. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Sidney Lens, Author and Labor Organizer". Chicago Tribune. June 21, 1986.
  2. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cook, Joan (June 20, 1986). "Sidney Lens Dies; Activist of Left". New York Times. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pugh, Mindy (December 1988). "Sidney Lens papers, 1910-1986". Chicago History Museum, Research Center. Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
  4. ^ Sharon, Dan. "Dan Sharon's Book Notes on Unreprentant Radical", Chicago Jewish History Review, Fall 2009. Accessed March 4, 2026. "Sidney Lens (1912-1986) was a radical and a labor organizer. He grew up in New York City, on the Lower East Side.... He had a harsh Orthodox education at the Rabbi Jacob Joseph School, where corporal punishment was common."
  5. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Coker, Jeffrey W. (2002). Confronting American Labor: The New Left Dilemma. University of Missouri Press. pp. 103–139.
  6. ^ Sidney Lens, Unrepentant Radical (Boston: Beacon Press, 1980)
  7. ^ "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" January 30, 1968 New York Post
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Peace, Rights Activist Sidney Lens, 74, Dies". Los Angeles Times. June 22, 1986.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Sidney Lens Photograph Collection, 1960-1970" (PDF). Online Archive of California. 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Spielmans, John V. (1950). "Review of Left, Right, and Center: Conflicting Forces in American Labor". Journal of Political Economy. 58 (1): 77–78. doi:10.1086/256902. JSTOR 1826203. Retrieved March 3, 2026.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Brooks, Tom (June 21, 1959). "Review of American Trade Union Democracy by William H. Leiserson and The Crisis of American Labor by Sidney Lens". The New York Times. p. BR6.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Raskin, A. H. (May 21, 1961). "Review of Working Men: The Story of Labor by Sidney Lens". The New York Times. p. BR36.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Review of Sidney Lens: The Futile Crusade". The Humanist. 24 (5): 159. September 1, 1964.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Meier, Heinz-Dieter (January 1, 1972). "Review of Sidney Lens, The Military-Industrial Complex". Neue politische Literatur. 17 (3): 338.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Review of The Forging of the American Empire by Sidney Lens". The New York Times. February 20, 1972. p. BR24.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Review of The Promise and Pitfalls of Revolution". Fellowship. 41 (3): 20. March 1, 1975.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Yergin, Daniel (July 24, 1977). "The Road to Armageddon: Review of The Day Before Doomsday: An Anatomy of the Nuclear Arms Race by Sidney Lens". The Washington Post. p. 151.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Review of Unrepentant Radical: An American Activist's Account of Five Turbulent Decades". Fellowship. 47 (4–5): 27. April 1, 1981.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Smith, Steve (August 1984). "Review of Sidney Lens, The Maginot Line Syndrome". Journal of American Studies. 18 (2): 305–306. doi:10.1017/S0021875800018983.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sloan, Irving J. (September 1, 1985). "Review of Children's Books: Strikemakers and Strikebreakers by Sidney Lens". The New York Times. p. BR16.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Myers, Walter Dean (November 11, 1990). "Why Were We in Vietnam, Daddy? Review of Vietnam: A War on Two Fronts by Sidney Lens". The New York Times. p. BR48.

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