Sorbent

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Look up sorbent in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

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File:Cross section of filter of gas mask.jpg
Cross-section of a gas mask filter, with sorbent material visible

A sorbent is an insoluble material that either absorbs or adsorbs liquidsLua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. or gases.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. They are frequently used to remove pollutants and in the cleanup of chemical accidentsLua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. and oil spills.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Besides their uses in industry, sorbents are used in commercial products such as diapers[1] and odor absorbents,[2] and are researched for applications in environmental air analysis, particularly in the analysis of volatile organic compounds.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. The name sorbent is derived from sorption,[3] which is itself a derivation from adsorption and absorption.[4]

Mechanism of action

Sorbents collect specific liquids or gases depending on the composition of the material being used in the sorbent. Some of the most common sorbents used to clean oil spills are made from materials that are both oleophilic and hydrophobic, have high surface area through structural designs that include pores and capillaries, and draw in liquid through capillary action.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Sorbents may be used to collect undesirable ions and act like a reusable ion-exchange resin, composed of charged layers of material that can be heated or otherwise treated to remove pollutants.[5] In this and similar cases, pollutant particles are attracted to the sorbent through electrostatic forces.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Some sorbents chemically bind to particles through chemical adsorption, or chemisorption; this process is often more difficult to reverse.[6]

Examples

Sorbents come in various forms and materials, including:

  • Activated carbon, the most widely used sorbent, which has been known and manufactured since the 19th century,Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
  • Molecular sieves, commonly made from zeolite,Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
  • Sponges, which can absorb many times their own weight in liquid,[7]
  • Polypropylene fiber mats, which can be employed to absorb oil,[8]
  • Cellulose fiber products used for oil or chemical sorption,Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
  • Superabsorbent polymer, the granular gel material most commonly found in diapers, capable of absorbing multiple times its original weight in urine,[1]
  • Incontinence pads, which may also incorporate nonwoven fabric as a sorbent,[9] and
  • Desiccants, which attract water, thereby drying (desiccating) surrounding materials.[10]

References

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  1. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Georgiev, Paweł; Belka, Mariusz; Bączek, Tomasz; Płotka-Wasylka, Justyna (June 2023). "The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in disposable baby diapers: A facile determination method via salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry". Journal of Chromatography A. 1698 463981. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463981. PMID 37098291.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Tanaka, Akihiro (July 2009). "Odor Emission Control during Composting Cattle Manure by using Compost Deodorization and utilization of Nitrogen Enriched Compost". Nioi Kaori Kankyou Gakkaishi (in 日本語). 40 (4). Japan Association on Odor Environment: 229–234. doi:10.2171/jao.40.229. ISSN 1348-2904.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Definition of 'sorbent'". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins Publishers. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Definition of 'sorption'". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Zhenissova, Akbota; Micheli, Francesca; Rossi, Leucio; Stendardo, Stefano; Foscolo, Pier Ugo; Gallucci, Katia (April 2014). "Experimental evaluation of Mg- and Ca-based synthetic sorbents for CO2 capture". Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 92 (4): 727–740. doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2013.11.005.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Farrukh, Sarah; Fan, Xianfeng; Mustafa, Kiran; Hussain, Arshad; Ayoub, Muhammad; Younas, Mohammad (2021), "Chemisorption", Nanotechnology and the Generation of Sustainable Hydrogen, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 83–93, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-60402-8_8, ISBN 978-3-030-60401-1, retrieved 2024-07-11{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gatou, Maria-Anna; Tsoukleris, Dimitrios; Pavlatou, Evangelia A.; Lagopati, Nefeli (2020-02-19). "Commercial Sponges as A Novel Technology for Crude Oil Removal from Seawater and Industrial Wastewater: A Review". Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research. 25 (5): 19426–19436. doi:10.26717/BJSTR.2020.25.004251. ISSN 2574-1241.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bayat, A.; Aghamiri, S. F.; Moheb, A.; Vakili-Nezhaad, G. R. (December 2005). "Oil Spill Cleanup from Sea Water by Sorbent Materials". Chemical Engineering & Technology. 28 (12): 1525–1528. doi:10.1002/ceat.200407083. ISSN 0930-7516.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Das, Dipayan; Pradhan, Arun Kumar; Pourdeyhimi, Behnam (2012-11-05). "Dependence of the liquid absorption behavior of nonwovens on their material and structural characteristics: Modeling and experiments". Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 126 (3): 1053–1060. doi:10.1002/app.36635. ISSN 0021-8995.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Flörke, Otto W.; Graetsch, Heribert A.; Brunk, Fred; Benda, Leopold; Paschen, Siegfried; Bergna, Horacio E.; Roberts, William O.; Welsh, William A.; Libanati, Cristian; Ettlinger, Manfred; Kerner, Dieter; Maier, Monika; Meon, Walter; Schmoll, Ralf; Gies, Hermann; Schiffmann, Dietmar (April 15, 2008). "Silica". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (1 ed.). Wiley. doi:10.1002/14356007.a23_583.pub3. ISBN 978-3-527-30385-4.

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