Spalirisos
Spalirisos, also spelled Spalirises, (Greek: Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang".,[1] Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". (epigraphic); Kharosthi: Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang"., Script error: No such module "lang".[2]) was an Iranian king who ruled Arachosia in the 1st century BCE.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
Name
Spalarisos's name is attested on his coins in the Greek form Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".)[1] and in the Kharosthi form Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".),[2] which are derived from the Saka name Script error: No such module "Lang"., meaning "in command of army".[3]
Career
Before his rise to kingship, he served as a commander of Vonones of Sakastan, who had minted coins with his name and that of another commander, Spalahores, who are both referred to as "brother of the king".Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Scholars such as R.C. Senior and Khodadad Rezakhani consider Spalirisos and Spalahores to indeed be Vonones' brothers,Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. while others such as K.W. Dobbins argue that it was an honorific title given to them, whom he considered to be Saka satraps.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.[a]
A major argument against the proposal of a blood relationship between Vonones and the two commanders was due to both of them having Saka names, contrary to Vonones' Parthian name.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Saghi Gazerani has suggested that after the Arsacid re-conquest of Sakastan (sometime between 124–115 BC), which was given as a fiefdom to the Surenid general that led the expedition, the Surenids (who became independent after 88 BC) and Sakas became closely connected, presumably through alliances and intermarriages.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Indeed, Parthians and Sakas are often mixed up in Indian literature.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. The mythological Iranian hero Rostam (who was from Sakastan), is mentioned in Iranian traditions as both Parthian and Saka, thus supporting this dual-identity.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
Notes
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- ^ Rezakhani has additionally suggested that Spalahores may simply have been a military title used by Vonones.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
References
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- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Barclay V. Head (1898). Ιστορια Των Νομισματων ητοι Εγχειριδιον Ελληνικης Νομισματικησ. p. 454.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gardner, Percy (1929). The Coins of the Greek and Scythic Kings of Bactria and India in the British Museum. London: Gilbert & Rivington Ltd. pp. 100-101. ISBN 978-0-900-83452-3.
{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Harmatta, János (1999). "Languages and scripts in Graeco-Bactria and the Saka Kingdoms". In Harmatta, János; Puri, B. N.; Etemadi, G. F. (eds.). History of civilizations of Central Asia. Vol. 2. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House. p. 410. ISBN 978-8-120-81408-0.
Sources
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gazerani, Saghi (2015). The Sistani Cycle of Epics and Iran's National History: On the Margins of Historiography. BRILL. pp. 1–250. ISBN 9789004282964.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). "East Iran in Late Antiquity". ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1–256. ISBN 9781474400305. JSTOR 10.3366/j.ctt1g04zr8. (registration required)
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