Spitak
Script error: No such module "other uses".
Page Module:Message box/ambox.css has no content.
This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2023) |
Script error: No such module "Settlement short description".Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Infobox settlement/styles.css has no content.
Spitak
Սպիտակ | |
|---|---|
| Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. Spitak | |
| Page Template:Infobox settlement/columns/styles.css has no content.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. Seal | |
| Script error: No such module "Infobox mapframe". | |
| Lua error in Module:Location_map at line 411: Malformed coordinates value. | |
| Coordinates: Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. | |
| Country | File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia |
| Province | Lori |
| Founded | 17th century |
| Area | |
• Total | Script error: No such module "ConvertIB". |
| Elevation | Script error: No such module "ConvertIB". |
| Population (2022) | Template:Fix comma category |
| Population (2022) | |
• Total | Template:Fix comma category |
| • Density | Script error: No such module "ConvertIB". |
| Template:Pluralize from text | Template:Pluralize from text |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AMT) |
| Template:Pluralize from text | Template:Pluralize from text |
| Website | Official website |
Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".
Spitak (Template:Langx), is a town and urban municipal community in the northern Lori Province of Armenia. It is 96 km (60 mi) north of the capital, Yerevan, and 22 km (14 mi) west of the provincial center, Vanadzor. Spitak was entirely destroyed during the devastating 1988 Armenian earthquake, and it was rebuilt in a slightly different location. Currently, the town has an approximate population of 13,133 as per the 2022 census.
Etymology
Spitak, meaning white in Armenian because of the presence of white limestone rocks in the area.[2][3] The word spitak itself derives from Middle Persian spēdag (compare Parthian ispēd).[4]
History
The area of modern-day Spitak was probably inhabited since the 4th millennium BC, based on ancient settlements found on the surrounding hills. Many remnants are found on the Sardar hill dating back to the Bronze Age. Later, the region was included within the kingdom of Urartu during the 7th century BC. Between the 4th and 2nd centuries BC, the region was part of the Orontid Armenia, followed by the Artaxiad ruled in 189 BC. The region was included within the Tashir (Template:Langx) canton of the historic Gugark province, the 13th province of Greater Armenia.
In the 9th century, the territory of Tashir became part of the newly founded Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia in 885. With the establishment of the Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget 979 under the protectorate of the Bagratids, the region of Tashir became part of the kingdom ruled by the Kiurikians until its dissolution in 1118.
After a brief Byzantine rule over Armenia between 1045 and 1064, the invading Seljuks ruled over the entire region, including Tashir. However, with the establishment of the Zakarid Principality of Armenia in 1201 under the Georgian protectorate, the Eastern Armenian territories including Gugark had significantly grown. After the Mongols captured Ani in 1236, Tashir became part of the Ilkhanate as a Mongol protectorate, and the Zakarids became vassals to the Mongols. After the fall of the Ilkhanate in the mid-14th century, the Zakarid princes ruled over Tashir until 1360 when they fell to the invading Turkic tribes.
In 1501, most of the Eastern Armenian territories including Tashir were occupied by Safavid Iran. In mid 17th century, the small village Hamamlu was founded in the historic region of Tashir, within the newly formed administrative territory of Erivan Khanate under the Afsharid dynasty of Iran. The first residents of the village were Armenian migrants from the Iranian town of Khoy.
In 1828, the Erivan Khanate -including Hamamlu- was annexed by the Russian Empire. The region became officially part of the Russian Empire at the Treaty of Turkmenchay signed on 10 February 1828 between Imperial Russia and Qajar Persia. Hamamlu became part of the Alexandropol uyezd within the Erivan Governorate of the Russian Empire.
In November 1918, Hamamlu was included within the newly formed Republic of Armenia. Following the Sovietization of Armenia in December 1920, Hamamlu was finally incorporated into Soviet Armenia on 11 February 1921.
In 1937 the Hamamlu raion was established, with the village of Hamamlu as the centre of the newly formed administrative region. The dairy products factory of 1937 was the 1st industrial firm opened in Hamamlu under the Soviet rule, followed by the sugar plant in 1947. In 1949, Hamamlu was renamed Spitak along with its raion. In 1960, Spitak received the status of a town. In 1971, it became a town of republican subordination.[5]
The 1st urban development plan of the town was introduced in 1965 by architect A. Harutyanyan, followed by the 2nd plan in 1974 composed by architects K. Ghazaryan and H. Mirzakhanyan. Many large factories were opened in Spitak, mainly for knitwear and dairy products. In 1980, a new urban plan was approved and the sports complex of the town was opened later in 1983.
During the 1988 earthquake, Spitak was entirely destroyed and one third of the town's 15,000 population were killed, while the rest became homeless. The city was gradually rebuilt through the efforts of the Soviet and post-Soviet state governments as well as the Armenian diaspora, with the assistance of many countries.[6]
Geography
Spitak covers an area of 57.6 km2 (22 sq mi) on the shores of Pambak River, at a height of 1650 meters above sea level. It is dominated by the Bazum mountains from the north and Pambak mountains from the south.
Climate
Spitak is characterized with extremely cold winter and mild summer. The annual precipitation level reaches up to 440 mm (17 in). Script error: No such module "weather box".
Demographics
In the 2011 census, the population of the town was 12,881. Currently, the town has an approximate population of 13,133 as per the 2022 census.[1] Spitak has a population of ethnic Armenians who belong to the Armenian Apostolic Church. The regulating body of the church is the Diocese of Gougark, seated in Vanadzor. The church of Holy Resurrection opened in 2001 is the town's church.
At the beginning of the 19th century, many Armenian migrants from Khoy and Muş who were resettled in the town.[8] In December 1988, around 4,000 people were killed in Spitak as a result of the devastating earthquake. Upon the breakout of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1988, around 500 Armenian refugees from Azerbaijan were resettled in Spitak.[citation needed]
Page Module:Historical populations/styles.css has no content.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1831 | 466 | — |
| 1897 | 3,004 | +2.86% |
| 1908 | 3,627 | +1.73% |
| 1911 | 3,920 | +2.62% |
| 1914 | 3,986 | +0.56% |
| 1926 | 4,078 | +0.19% |
| 1939 | 5,035 | +1.63% |
| 1959 | 3,740 | −1.48% |
| 1979 | 14,536 | +7.02% |
| 1989 | 3,740 | −12.69% |
| 2001 | 14,984 | +12.26% |
| 2011 | 12,881 | −1.50% |
| 2022 | 13,133 | +0.18% |
<timeline>
Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.664, 0.664, 0.930) ImageSize = width:200 height:180 PlotArea = left:44 bottom:27 top:20 right:10 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:15000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:10000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:5000 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo TextData = pos:(100,20) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"year" pos:(85,182) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"population" BarData= bar:1800 text:1800 bar:1801 bar:1802 bar:1803 bar:1804 bar:1805 bar:1806 bar:1807 bar:1808 bar:1809 bar:1810 bar:1811 bar:1812 bar:1813 bar:1814 bar:1815 bar:1816 bar:1817 bar:1818 bar:1819 bar:1820 bar:1821 bar:1822 bar:1823 bar:1824 bar:1825 bar:1826 bar:1827 bar:1828 bar:1829 bar:1830 bar:1831 bar:1832 bar:1833 bar:1834 bar:1835 bar:1836 bar:1837 bar:1838 bar:1839 bar:1840 bar:1841 bar:1842 bar:1843 bar:1844 bar:1845 bar:1846 bar:1847 bar:1848 bar:1849 bar:1850 bar:1851 bar:1852 bar:1853 bar:1854 bar:1855 bar:1856 bar:1857 bar:1858 bar:1859 bar:1860 text:1860 bar:1861 bar:1862 bar:1863 bar:1864 bar:1865 bar:1866 bar:1867 bar:1868 bar:1869 bar:1870 bar:1871 bar:1872 bar:1873 bar:1874 bar:1875 bar:1876 bar:1877 bar:1878 bar:1879 bar:1880 bar:1881 bar:1882 bar:1883 bar:1884 bar:1885 bar:1886 bar:1887 bar:1888 bar:1889 bar:1890 bar:1891 bar:1892 bar:1893 bar:1894 bar:1895 bar:1896 bar:1897 bar:1898 bar:1899 bar:1900 bar:1901 bar:1902 bar:1903 bar:1904 bar:1905 bar:1906 bar:1907 bar:1908 bar:1909 bar:1910 bar:1911 bar:1912 bar:1913 bar:1914 bar:1915 bar:1916 bar:1917 bar:1918 bar:1919 bar:1920 text:1920 bar:1921 bar:1922 bar:1923 bar:1924 bar:1925 bar:1926 bar:1927 bar:1928 bar:1929 bar:1930 bar:1931 bar:1932 bar:1933 bar:1934 bar:1935 bar:1936 bar:1937 bar:1938 bar:1939 bar:1940 bar:1941 bar:1942 bar:1943 bar:1944 bar:1945 bar:1946 bar:1947 bar:1948 bar:1949 bar:1950 bar:1951 bar:1952 bar:1953 bar:1954 bar:1955 bar:1956 bar:1957 bar:1958 bar:1959 bar:1960 bar:1961 bar:1962 bar:1963 bar:1964 bar:1965 bar:1966 bar:1967 bar:1968 bar:1969 bar:1970 bar:1971 bar:1972 bar:1973 bar:1974 bar:1975 bar:1976 bar:1977 bar:1978 bar:1979 bar:1980 text:1980 bar:1981 bar:1982 bar:1983 bar:1984 bar:1985 bar:1986 bar:1987 bar:1988 bar:1989 bar:1990 bar:1991 bar:1992 bar:1993 bar:1994 bar:1995 bar:1996 bar:1997 bar:1998 bar:1999 bar:2000 bar:2001 bar:2002 bar:2003 bar:2004 bar:2005 bar:2006 bar:2007 bar:2008 bar:2009 bar:2010 bar:2011 bar:2012 bar:2013 bar:2014 bar:2015 bar:2016 bar:2017 bar:2018 bar:2019 bar:2020 bar:2021 bar:2022 bar:2023 bar:2024 bar:2025 bar:2026 bar:2027 bar:2028 bar:2029 bar:2030 bar:2031 bar:2032 bar:2033 bar:2034 bar:2035 bar:2036 bar:2037 bar:2038 bar:2039 bar:2040 text:2040 PlotData= color:barra width:2 align:left bar:1831 from: 0 till:466 bar:1897 from: 0 till:3004 bar:1908 from: 0 till:3627 bar:1911 from: 0 till:3920 bar:1914 from: 0 till:3986 bar:1926 from: 0 till:4078 bar:1939 from: 0 till:5035 bar:1959 from: 0 till:3740 bar:1979 from: 0 till:14536 bar:1989 from: 0 till:3740 bar:2001 from: 0 till:14984 bar:2011 from: 0 till:12881 bar:2022 from: 0 till:13133</timeline> | ||
| Source: [9][10][11][12] | ||
Culture
Spitak has a cultural house, 3 public libraries, many cinema theatres, a municipal theater, and an ethnographic museum.
The cultural heritage of the town includes an archaeological site from the 2nd millennium BC, the ruins of an ancient settlement on the nearby Sardar hill from the 1st millennium BC, as well as a bridge on the Pambak river dating back to the 19th century.
The Spitak day is celebrated every year on July the 15th.
Transportation
Spitak is an important hub for transportation in Armenia. The M-3 Motorway that connects Yerevan with Tbilisi passes through the town. The M-7 Motorway the connects Gyumri with Vanadzor starts from Spitak.
The town is also home to the Spitak railway station, almost midway between Yerevan and Tbilisi.
Economy
Under the Soviet rule, Spitak became a major industrial hub in northern Armenia. The Spitak dairy factory was opened in 1937, while the sugar factory was opened in 1947. However, after the earthquake, the town lost its significance as an industrial centre in Lori.
The town has a flour mill and a building materials manufacturing plant.
Education
In 2015, Spitak had 7 public education schools, one boarding school and 7 kindergartens. The town is also home to a musical academy and a school of art.
A branch of the Yerevan electro-technical intermediate college is also operating in the town.
Sport
Football is the most popular sport in the town. FC Spitak represented the town in the domestic competitions between 1990 and 1998. However, like most Armenian football teams, the club was dissolved in 1999 due to financial difficulties.
Spitak has children's and youth's sport school, specialized in six types of sports: football, chess, sambo, judo, wrestling and boxing.[13]
Twin towns – sister cities
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Spitak is twinned with:[14][15]
- Template:Flagicon Limmen (Castricum), Netherlands (2011)
- Template:Flagicon Orsha, Belarus (2009)
- Template:Flagicon Samara, Russia (2019)
See also
References
Page Module:Side box/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Sister project/styles.css has no content.
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Main Results of RA Census 2022, trilingual / Armenian Statistical Service of Republic of Armenia". www.armstat.am. Retrieved 2024-11-08.
- ^ John Everett-Heath, The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names, 2018, Template:Isbn, s.v.
- ^ John Brady Kiesling, Rediscovering Armenia: An Archaeological/touristic Gazetteer and Map Set for the Historical Monuments of Armenia, 2001, Template:Isbn, p. 43
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Schmitt, R.; Bailey, H. W. (2011) [1986]. "ARMENIA AND IRAN iv. Iranian influences in Armenian Language". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 4-5. pp. 445–465.
- ^ Spitak community
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Doose, Katja (2018). "Spitak: The Last Petrified Soviet Utopia". In Harutyunyan, Tigran (ed.). Yerevan Architectural Guide. Berlin: DOM. pp. 268–289. ISBN 978-3869223575.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Global Summary of the Month (GSOM): Spitak, AM" (CSV). ncei.noaa.gov. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 1. Retrieved 25 December 2025.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Հայաստանի Հանրապետության բնակավայրերի բառարան [Republic of Armenia settlements dictionary] (PDF) (in Armenian). Yerevan: Cadastre Committee of the Republic of Armenia. 2008. p. 183. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 March 2018.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Template:Cite Republic of Armenia Settlements Dictionary
- ^ Template:Cite Kavkazskiy Kalendar 1910
- ^ Template:Cite Kavkazskiy Kalendar 1912
- ^ Template:Cite Kavkazskiy Kalendar 1915
- ^ Spitak Sports School
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Քույր քաղաքներ". spitak.am (in հայերեն). Spitak. Retrieved 2020-07-02.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Սպիտակի քույր քաղաք Սամարա քաղաքային շրջանի ղեկավար ելենա լապուշկինայի ուղերձը հայրենական մեծ պատերազմում տարած հաղթանակի առթիվ". spitak.am (in հայերեն). Spitak. 2020-05-09. Retrieved 2020-07-02.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Authority control/config' not found. Lua error in mw.title.lua at line 404: bad argument #2 to 'title.new' (unrecognized namespace name 'Portal').
