Stromness

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Script error: No such module "other uses". Template:DMCA Template:DMCA

Template:Short descriptionPage Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Infobox UK place/styles.css has no content.

StromnessPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found.
A view of Stromness
Lua error in Module:Location_map at line 526: Unable to find the specified location map definition: "Module:Location map/data/Scotland Orkney" does not exist.
Script error: No such module "Infobox mapframe".
Area0.89 km2 (0.34 sq mi)
Population2,490 (Template:United Kingdom statistics year)[2]
• Density2,798/km2 (7,250/sq mi)
DemonymStromnessian
OS grid reference[[[:Template:Ordnance Survey url]] HY2509]
• Edinburgh208 mi (335 km)*
• London530 mi (853 km)
Council areaPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Lieutenancy areaPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
CountryScript error: No such module "Link if exists".
Crown dependencyScript error: No such module "Link if exists".
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townSTROMNESS
Postcode districtKW16
Dialling code01856
Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.
PoliceScotland
FireScottish
AmbulanceScottish
UK ParliamentPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Scottish ParliamentPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Page Template:Hlist/styles.css has no content.
Page Template:Nobold/styles.css has no content.List of places
UK
Scotland
Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.

Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".

Stromness (Page Module:IPA/styles.css has no content.locally /ˈstrʌmnɪs/, Template:Langx; Template:Langx) is the second-most populous town in Orkney, Scotland. It is in the southwestern part of Mainland, Orkney. It is a burgh with a parish around the outside with the town of Stromness as its capital.

Etymology

The name "Stromness" comes from the Old Norse Straumnes.[1] Straumr refers to the strong tides that rip past the Point of Ness through Hoy Sound to the south of the town. Nes means "headland". Stromness thus means "headland protruding into the tidal stream".[3][4] In Viking times the anchorage where Stromness now stands was called Hamnavoe.[5]

Town

A long-established seaport, Stromness has a population of approximately 2,500 residents. The old town is clustered along the characterful and winding main street, flanked by houses and shops built from local stone, with narrow lanes and alleys branching off it.

First recorded as the site of an inn in the sixteenth century, Stromness became important during the late seventeenth century, when Great Britain was at war with France and shipping was forced to avoid the English Channel. Ships of the Hudson's Bay Company were regular visitors, as were whaling fleets. Large numbers of Orkneymen, many of whom came from the Stromness area, served as traders, explorers and seamen for both. Captain Cook's ships, Discovery and Resolution, called at the town in 1780 on their return voyage from the Hawaiian Islands, where Captain Cook had been killed.[6][7]

Stromness Museum reflects these aspects of the town's history (displaying for example important collections of whaling relics, and Inuit artefacts brought back as souvenirs by local men from Greenland and Arctic Canada).[8]

Stromness harbour was rebuilt to the designs of John Barron in 1893.[9]

At Stromness Pierhead is a statue by North Ronaldsay sculptor Ian Scott, depicting John Rae standing erect with an inscription describing him as "the discoverer of the final link in the first navigable Northwest Passage", which was unveiled in 2013.[10]

The town has two schools, Stromness Academy, a secondary school and Stromness Primary School, a primary school.

Stromness Lifeboat Station is the town’s lifeboat station, one of three lifeboat stations in Orkney (the others being Longhope Lifeboat Station and Kirkwall Lifeboat Station). A lifeboat was first stationed here by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in 1867.[11] Stromness is served by two passenger ferries: the MV Hamnavoe, run by Northlink Ferries, connects the town to Scrabster, and the MV Graemsay, operated by Orkney Ferries, runs to Graemsay and Hoy, Orkney.

Fishing

The statistics for Stromeness show that fishing was in decline in the years before the First World War. The Annual Report of the Fishery Board for 1913 states: "Local fishermen engaged in line and lobster fishing. Herrings all landed by stranger crews."[12]

Page Template:Multiple image/styles.css has no content.

Fishery Statistics
File:Stromness tonnage.png
Tonnage of vessels
File:Stromness Cwt landed.png
Cwt of fish landed
File:Stromness vessels.png
Vessels by class
File:Stromness value.png
Value (£) of fish landed
File:Stromness fishermen.png
Fishermen
File:Stromness curing stations.png
Number of curing stations


Parish

The parish of Stromness includes the islands of Hoy and Graemsay in addition to a tract of land about Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.5 by 3+3⁄4 miles (8.0 by 6.0 kilometres) on Mainland, Orkney. The Mainland part is bounded on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south and southeast by Hoy Sound, and on the northeast by the Loch of Stenness.[13]

Antiquities include Breckness House, erected in 1633 by George Graham, Bishop of Orkney, at the west entrance of Hoy Sound.[14]

Media and the arts

The Stromness branch of the Orkney Library and Archive is housed in a building given to the library service in 1905 by Marjory Skea Corrigall.[15]

Writer George Mackay Brown (1921–1996) was born and lived most of his life in the town, and is buried in the town's cemetery overlooking Hoy Sound. His poem "Hamnavoe" is set in the town, and is in part a memorial to his father John, a local postman.[16]

Stromness is also named in the title of Sir Peter Maxwell Davies's popular piano piece "Farewell to Stromness", a piano interlude from The Yellow Cake Revue, which was written in 1980 to protest against plans to open a uranium mine in the area. The title refers to yellowcake, the powder produced in an early stage of the processing of uranium ore. The Revue was first performed by the composer at the Stromness Hotel on 21 June 1980, as part of the St Magnus Festival; plans for the uranium mine were cancelled later that year.[17]

Stromness is also the title of a 2009 novel by Herbert Wetterauer.[18]

Stromness plays host to the Pier Arts Centre, a collection of twentieth-century British art given to the people of Orkney by artists such as Margaret Gardiner.[19]

Geology

Stromness presents to the Atlantic a range of cliffs between 100 and 500 feet (30 and 150 metres) high, and to Hoy Sound a band of fertile lowlands. The rocks possess great geological interest, and were made well known by the publication of the evangelical geologist Hugh Miller, The Footprints of the Creator or The Asterolepsis of Stromness (1849).[20]

References

Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.

  1. ^ a b List of railway station names in English, Scots and Gaelic – NewsNetScotland
  2. ^ Template:Scotland settlement population citation
  3. ^ "Parish Names" Script error: No such module "webarchive". Orkneyjar. Retrieved 27 Dec 2010.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Iain Mac an Tàilleir. "Placenames K-O & P-Z" (PDF). Pàrlamaid na h-Alba. Retrieved 23 July 2007.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Murton, Paul (2019). The Viking Isles: Travels in Orkney and Shetland. Birlinn. ISBN 978-1788852289.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The History of Stromness". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
  7. ^ A dinner service Captain Cook used on his final voyage is on view at Skaill House, Bay of Skaill, home of 19c. Skara Brae excavator William Watt, a mansion built by George Graham, Bishop of Orkney 1615-1638, on the site of a farmstead dated to the Norse period.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ethnography | Stromness Museum". www.stromnessmuseum.org.uk. Archived from the original on 6 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.David Goold. "Dictionary of Scottish Architects - DSA Architect Biography Report (March 15, 2020, 12:08 am)". Scottisharchitects.org.uk. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."John Rae statue unveiled at Stromness Pierhead". The Orcadian Online. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Stromness' Station history". RNLI. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."32nd Report:Appendices". Annual Report of the Fishery Board for Scotland. Edinburgh: His Majesty's Stationery Office: 25-26. 1913.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wilson, Rev. John (1882). The Gazetteer of Scotland. Edinburgh: W. & A.K. Johnstone.
  14. ^ Template:Historic Environment Scotland
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Wasps: An Artistic Chapter in the Story of Historic Buildings". Historic Environment Scotland. 20 August 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  16. ^ "Hamnavoe by George Mackay Brown". Poetry Archive. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Yellow Cake Revue (1980)". Boosey & Hawkes. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stromness: Roman: Amazon.co.uk: Herbert Wetterauer: 9783898414876: Books. ASIN 3898414876.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Adams, Kari (9 July 2019). "Margaret Gardiner". Piers Arts Centre. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Miller, Hugh (1849). "The foot-prints of the Creator: or, The Asterolepis of Stromness". Boston: Gould and Lincoln.

Page Module:Side box/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Sister project/styles.css has no content.

Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Script error: No such module "Sister project logo".
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stromness.Template:Preview warning

Page Module:Side box/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Sister project/styles.css has no content.

Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Script error: No such module "Sister project logo".
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for [[Wikivoyage:Stromness#Template:Wikidata|Stromness]].

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Template:Orkney settlements

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Authority control/config' not found.

Retrieved from "https://cosmopedia.co/index.php?title=Stromness&oldid=70682"