Stuart Highway

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Stuart Highway

Northern Territory
–South Australia
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The highway in the far north of South Australia
StuartHighway.png
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Coordinates
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General information
TypeHighway
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Length2,720 km (Template:Rnd mi)[1]
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Former
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Major junctions
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Location(s)
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Major settlementsKatherine, Daly Waters, Tennant Creek, Alice Springs, Coober Pedy
Highway system
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Stuart Highway is a major Australian highway. It runs from Darwin, in the Northern Territory, via Tennant Creek and Alice Springs, to Port Augusta in South Australia; it has a distance of Template:Cvt. Its northern and southern extremities are segments of Australia's Highway 1. The principal north–south route through the central interior of mainland Australia, the highway is often referred to simply as "The Track".

The highway is named after Scottish explorer John McDouall Stuart, who was the first European to cross Australia from south to north.[3] The highway approximates the route Stuart took.

Route description

Overview

File:Woomera-warning-sign.JPG
The highway passes through the Woomera Prohibited Area

Stuart Highway runs from Darwin, Northern Territory, in the north, via Tennant Creek and Alice Springs, to Port Augusta, South Australia, in the south – a distance of Template:Cvt.

The Royal Flying Doctor Service uses the highway as an emergency landing strip and sections of the highway are signed to that effect. These sections of highway have been specially selected and prepared for the landing of aircraft which only takes place after the piece of road has been closed by the police.[citation needed]

There are petrol and other facilities (meals, toilets, etc.) available at reasonable intervals (usually around Template:Cvt) and more frequent rest stops. Some of the rest stops are located at scenic points with information boards, but others are little more than a picnic table and a rubbish bin in an otherwise deserted area.

Northern Territory

File:Vanderlin Drive Darwin.jpg
Stuart Highway intersection in Berrimah, Northern Territory

The Northern Territory section of Stuart Highway starts from the edge of the Darwin central business district at Daly Street and continues as a dual-carriageway to Arnhem Highway in Howard Springs. From there the highway runs Template:Cvt south, passing Kakadu Highway and reaching Victoria Highway at Katherine.

At Daly Waters, the route number changes from A1 to A87. The highway then continues Template:Cvt south, passing Roper Highway, Carpentaria Highway and Buchanan Highway before reaching Barkly Highway at Tennant Creek. From there it runs a further Template:Cvt south into Alice Springs, passing Plenty Highway. It passes through the MacDonnell Ranges and finally crosses the Northern Territory/South Australia border south of Kulgera.[4]

The highway was only fully sealed in February 1987 as part of the Australian Bicentenary roadworks programme.[5] There are no police patrolling the majority of this remote highway and until the end of 2006 there was no speed limit outside towns and other built-up areas on the Northern Territory part.[6] The unrestricted limit has now been generally set at 130 kilometres per hour (80 mph). The bulk of the Northern Territory's population not living in Darwin lies along its track.

South Australia

File:Highway sign, Port Augusta West, 2017 (02).jpg
Sign near the southern end of the highway at Port Augusta West

Stuart Highway passes through the Far North region to Port Augusta. The highway passes through the Woomera Prohibited Area where travellers may not leave the road. The highway continues south-east towards Adelaide.

History

Background

John McDouall Stuart led the first successful expedition to traverse the Australian mainland from south to north and return, through the centre of the continent, in 1861–1862. In 1871–1872 the Australian Overland Telegraph Line was constructed along Stuart's route. The principal road from Port Augusta to Darwin was also established on a similar route.

A track developed along the route of the telegraph,[7] and by 1888 the road between Adelaide and Alice Springs was well known.[8] Several wells along the route provided water, although these could run dry or be contaminated by dead animals, resulting in sections as long as 144 miles (232 km) without water.[9]

The route was traversed by motor vehicles in the 1920s. While passable, sections of the road could be sandy, boggy, washed away in the winter, or rugged with boulders. Several creek crossings were required, though few were difficult.[10][11] North of Alice Springs the road was in comparatively good condition, with sections allowing speeds of up to 50 miles per hour (80 km/h).[12]

File:Wales 018.jpg
The highway after rain in the 1940s while in the process of being upgraded, c1940s
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The highway after rain in the 1940s while in the process of being upgraded, c1940s
File:Wales 014.jpg
An army convoy taking at rest in the 1940s
File:Anton Faymann 077 Auto Colour.jpg
Work on the Stuart Highway south of Alice Springs (Mparntwe) by the Northern Territory Public Works Department, c1958
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Work on the Stuart Highway south of Alice Springs (Mparntwe), c1958

Highway planning and construction

With the onset of World War II, supply roads leading to the north of the country were considered vital by the federal government.[13][14] A central north–south highway was planned to connect the railheads at Alice Springs and Birdum,[15] with surveying completed in August 1940. The task of constructing the highway was split between the Main Roads Departments[16] of three states, to ensure completion before the next wet season. New South Wales would construct the northern section of 91 miles (146 km), Queensland the central section of 90 miles (145 km), and South Australia the southern section of 131 miles (211 km).[17][18]

The Alice Springs–Birdum road was completed by December 1940,[19] upgraded from an often impassable track to an all-weather sealed highway that could cope with heavy military traffic.[13][14] The 306-mile (492 km) highway was built in under 90 days. In one week, 11 miles (18 km) was constructed, which was claimed to be a world record.[16] The new highway, in conjunction with the railways at either end, reduced the impact of Darwin's isolation. Quick and efficient movement of military equipment and troop was possible, with the road remaining open throughout the wet season.[20]

By March 1941, military authorities advocated extending the Alice Springs–Birdum road to Darwin. During the wet season, the road north of Birdum was impassable, which meant that a single railway line was the only connection through to Darwin.[21] Construction was underway by October 1941, once again at a fast pace in an attempt to finish before the next wet season.[22] The road was nearing completion in July 1942,[23] although some sections were yet to be bitumenised.[24][25]

Speed limits

Before 1 January 2007 there was no absolute speed limit in the Northern Territory, but maximum speed limits are now posted along the length of Stuart Highway. Previously drivers were required only to travel at a safe speed for the conditions, meaning the Northern Territory section of Stuart Highway had no speed limits at all.[26] The Northern Territory traffic laws were updated from 1 January 2007 to be similar to the rest of Australia. This included placing a speed limit on all roads (Template:Cvt on major highways such as Stuart Highway) and significantly increasing penalties for speeding.[27][28]

The South Australian section is signposted as Template:Cvt outside built-up regions, between Port Augusta and the Northern Territory border.

In October 2013 the Northern Territory Government announced a trial period of reverting to an open speed limit on the Template:Cvt stretch between Alice Springs and Barrow Creek, beginning 1 February 2014.[29][30] In September 2015, following the conclusion of the trial, a Template:Cvt stretch of the highway had its speed limits derestricted.[31] However, speed limits were restored to this stretch in November 2016; the highest is Template:Cvt.[32]

In March 2021, the road was closed due to a serious accident 500 km north of Adelaide at Wirraminna where the road collapsed due to burning diesel fuel that melted the road's plastic culverts. Plastic culverts had been used in place of concrete as they were seen as the best material for this particular location as the flood plain of the river is acidic and can destroy concrete culverts.

The road was closed while repair works took place. The asphalt also had to be given time to cure and the section of road underwent testing with a road train. With this now complete, both lanes are reopened with speed restrictions in place. Traffic signage is now in place and road users are asked to take extra care while travelling through this section of road.[33]

Junctions

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State/TerritoryLGA[34]Location[1][35]km[1]miDestinationsNotes
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  •       Route transition

Motor racing

File:Stuart Highway Solar Car.JPG
Solar car "Tokai Challenger" during the 2009 World Solar Challenge

Motor races have been proposed or undertaken on the highway since the 1950s.[36][37][38]

In 1994 the first and only Cannonball Run in Australia ran from Darwin to Yulara and back again. Based on similar events in the United States, this event ended in tragedy when an out-of-control Ferrari F40[39] crashed into a checkpoint south of Alice Springs, resulting in the death of the two event officials manning the checkpoint as well as the two competitors.[40] The remainder of the race had a Template:Cvt speed limit imposed to prevent further accidents.

Stuart Highway is the highway taken in the World Solar Challenge. The 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi) race starts in Darwin, follows Stuart Highway to Port Augusta, and then Highway 1 through to Adelaide.[41]

Engineering heritage award

Stuart Highway North received a Historic Engineering Marker from Engineers Australia as part of its Engineering Heritage Recognition Program.[42]

See also

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References

Citations

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  1. ^ a b c Template:Google maps
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Location SA Map viewer with regional layers". Government of South Australia. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  3. ^ Exploring the Stuart Highway: further than the eye can see, 1997, p. 6
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Stuart Highway" (Press release). Australian Towns, Cities and Highways. Archived from the original on 29 August 2008. Retrieved 11 April 2008.
  5. ^ Black all the way from Adelaide through to Darwin Truck & Bus Transportation April 1986 page 8
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Chris Burns (19 November 2004). "Minister Opposes Speedometer Limits" (Press release). Government of the Northern Territory. Archived from the original on 21 July 2005. Retrieved 11 June 2006.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Brownrigg, Blake (25 August 1950). "Up North: Highway of the Past and Future". Barrier Miner. New South Wales, Australia. p. 4. Retrieved 29 March 2017 – via Trove (National Library of Australia).
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Minerals in the Macdonnell Ranges". The Express and Telegraph (Second ed.). South Australia. 5 October 1888. p. 4. Retrieved 29 March 2017 – via Trove (National Library of Australia).
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Correspondence". Northern Territory Times and Gazette. Northern Territory, Australia. 7 April 1899. p. 3. Retrieved 29 March 2017 – via Trove (National Library of Australia).
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Overland Motor Race". Observer. South Australia. 23 August 1924. p. 26. Retrieved 29 March 2017 – via Trove (National Library of Australia).
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Notes and Notices". The Australasian. Victoria, Australia. 6 June 1925. p. 46. Retrieved 29 March 2017 – via National Library of Australia. The road from Katherine to Darwin was very bad, and their motor-car was bogged many times.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Madigan, C. T. (17 December 1927). "Notes on Central Australia: A Drought-stricken Region". Observer. South Australia. p. 21. Retrieved 7 April 2017 – via Trove (National Library of Australia).
  13. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."A History of Australian Road and Rail" (PDF). Department of Infrastructure and Transport, Australian Government. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 March 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
  14. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."History Of Roads In Australia". 1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 1974. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 25 January 1974. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Rush Job On Highway". The News. South Australia. 24 August 1940. p. 4. Retrieved 7 April 2017 – via Trove (National Library of Australia).
  16. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Engineers Show The World". The Sydney Morning Herald. 15 February 1941. p. 9. Retrieved 10 April 2017 – via Trove (National Library of Australia).
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."New All Weather Highway". Northern Standard. Northern Territory, Australia. 20 August 1940. p. 5. Retrieved 7 April 2017 – via Trove (National Library of Australia).
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Queensland Section of Inland Road Well Up to Schedule". The Telegraph (City Final ed.). Queensland, Australia. 1 November 1940. p. 3. Retrieved 10 April 2017 – via Trove (National Library of Australia).
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Answer to Correspondent". Northern Standard. Northern Territory, Australia. 3 January 1941. p. 10. Retrieved 10 April 2017 – via Trove (National Library of Australia).
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Australia's "Great North Road": New Highway Has Romance and Strategic Importance". The Australasian. Victoria, Australia. 10 May 1941. p. 12. Retrieved 2 June 2017 – via Trove (National Library of Australia).
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Link All States". Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate. New South Wales, Australia. 12 March 1941. p. 5. Retrieved 2 June 2017 – via Trove (National Library of Australia).
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."New Roads are Spanning a Continent". Week-end Magazine. The Argus. Victoria, Australia. 11 October 1941. p. 1. Retrieved 1 September 2017 – via Trove (National Library of Australia).
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."North–South Road". The West Australian. Western Australia. 23 July 1942. p. 3. Retrieved 1 September 2017 – via Trove (National Library of Australia).
  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Mne and the Road". The Argus. Victoria, Australia. 25 July 1942. p. 1. Retrieved 1 September 2017 – via Trove (National Library of Australia).
  25. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Alice Springs, Darwin Road". The Central Queensland Herald. Queensland, Australia. 3 September 1942. p. 17. Retrieved 1 September 2017 – via Trove (National Library of Australia).
  26. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Section 3 The Driving Rules". Road Users' Handbook (PDF). Northern Territory Government, Department of Planning and Infrastructure. 2006. p. 59. ISBN 0-7245-4869-6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 May 2006. Retrieved 11 June 2006.
  27. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Speed limits to be introduced on NT open roads". 7:30 Report. ABC. 2 November 2006. Archived from the original on 17 April 2008. Retrieved 5 January 2007.
  28. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Motorists caught breaking new speed limit". ABC. 2 January 2007. Archived from the original on 9 January 2007. Retrieved 5 January 2007.
  29. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Open speed limit on trial and under fire". The Australian. 16 October 2013. Archived from the original on 8 June 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  30. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Peak medical bodies unite to condemn Northern Territory trial of unlimited road speeds". ABC. 17 January 2014. Archived from the original on 31 January 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  31. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Charlwood, Sam (3 September 2015). "NT speed limits permanently derestricted". Drive. Sydney: Fairfax Media. Archived from the original on 24 March 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  32. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hinchliffe, Mark (3 November 2016). "NT restricts speed despite evidence". Australia: Motorbike Rider. Archived from the original on 14 November 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  33. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."PICTURED: Woman killed, partner critical after explosive head-on collision". 7 March 2021.
  34. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Location SA Map viewer with LGA layers". Government of South Australia. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  35. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Location SA Map viewer with suburb layers". Government of South Australia. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  36. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Stuart Highway Race Challenge". Townsville Daily Bulletin. Queensland, Australia. 12 August 1950. p. 3. Retrieved 2 June 2017 – via Trove (National Library of Australia).
  37. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."2,000-Mile Race?". Brisbane Telegraph. Queensland, Australia. 22 November 1950. p. 8. Retrieved 2 June 2017 – via Trove (National Library of Australia).
  38. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Fined For Record Attempt". The Examiner (Tasmania). Tasmania, Australia. 4 August 1951. p. 8. Retrieved 2 June 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  39. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Motorsport Memorial -". Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2009.
  40. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cass, Rebecca (2001). "Cop swaps crooks for corks (page 17)" (PDF). The Drum, 2001: Farewells. Northern Territory Police, Fire and Emergency Services. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 September 2006. Retrieved 12 June 2006.
  41. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Route Map". World Solar Challenge. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  42. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Stuart Highway North, 1940-". Engineers Australia. Archived from the original on 19 September 2024. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

Bibliography

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  • Exploring the Stuart Highway: further than the eye can see. West Beach, South Australia: Tourist Information Distributors Australia, 1997. ISSN 1326-6039

Further reading

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Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap

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