Camerica

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Camerica
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Headquarters
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Canada
ProductsGame Genie,
Aladdin Deck Enhancer
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Camerica was a Canadian video game company founded in 1988.[2] It released various unlicensed video games and accessories for the Nintendo Entertainment System, such as the Game Genie and Aladdin Deck Enhancer, and was the North American publisher for British developer Codemasters.[4]

History

The company was owned and operated by David J. Harding and was originally formed in 1988 as a wholesale association with giftware such as Waterford Crystal and Blue Mountain Pottery.

The company entered the video game market, featuring Nintendo World Championship of 1990 winner Thor Aackerlund as the spokesperson,[5] considered one of the first professional gamers.[6] Camerica held the rights to publish most Nintendo Entertainment System games from Codemasters in North America.[7] Camerica also released the Codemasters-designed Game Genie in Canada and the UK.[8] They had a distribution deal with toy company Galoob.[9] The company created several early peripherals for the NES, including the Aladdin Deck Enhancer expansion peripheral and Supersonic: the Joystick a.k.a. Turbotronic, a wireless controller.[10]

Camerica was notable for being an unlicensed distributor, reverse engineering cartridges[11] that would bypass Nintendo's 10NES lock-out chip.[12] Like the circuit used in Color Dreams cartridges, Camerica's workaround generates glitch pulses that freeze the lock-out chip. These cartridges are shaped and colored slightly differently from Nintendo's official cartridges, though they still fit in the NES. All Camerica cartridges were originally produced gold-colored, and later silver.[13]

In Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of America, Inc, Galoob, distributor of Camerica products in the United States, was ruled not an infringer of the Copyright Act because the Game Genie was not a derivative work and was protected by fair use.[14][15]

In Nintendo of America Inc. v. Camerica Corp (1991), it was held that it did not violate Nintendo's trademark for Camerica to advertise compatibility with the NES despite being an unlicensed distributor.[16]

Camerica declared bankruptcy and ceased operations in 1993.[17]

Games

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See also

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."MRAS Business Registry Search". Archived from the original on February 22, 2019. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  2. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Codemasters History: The NES' Best Unlicensed Developer". Tedium: The Dull Side of the Internet. June 19, 2018. Archived from the original on August 26, 2022. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Camerica (Company)". Giant Bomb. Archived from the original on February 22, 2019. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."'Darlings' of UK games honoured". BBC News. June 13, 2008. Archived from the original on October 17, 2022. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.McGuire, Keegan (December 15, 2020). "The Untold Truth Of The Nintendo World Championship". Looper.com. Archived from the original on July 16, 2022. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."How Nintendo And A Band Of Teenage High Score Obsessives Created The Idea Of The Pro Gamer". Nintendo Life. December 26, 2020. Archived from the original on August 15, 2022. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jesudason, David (October 23, 2020). "How two twins and an egg took on Nintendo's Super Mario". Inverse. Archived from the original on August 11, 2022. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Story Of The Game Genie, The Cheat Device Nintendo Tried (And Failed) To Kill". Nintendo Life. December 26, 2021. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Fachon, Marine (December 27, 2021). "L'histoire du Game Genie, le dispositif de triche que Nintendo a essayé (et échoué) à tuer. – Miroir Mag". www.miroir-mag.fr (in français). Archived from the original on November 10, 2023. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Supersonic The Joystick". NintendoAge. n.d. Archived from the original on July 14, 2009. Retrieved March 31, 2009.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."That Time Atari Cracked The Nintendo Entertainment System". Hackaday. October 22, 2018. Archived from the original on August 15, 2022. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Super 3-D Noah's Ark lets you break animal faces with coconuts". Destructoid. July 10, 2021. Archived from the original on August 15, 2022. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Making Of Micro Machines, The Best Racer On The NES". Nintendo Life. May 1, 2017. Archived from the original on August 15, 2022. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc., Plaintiff-appellee, v. Nintendo of America, Inc., Defendant-appellant.nintendo of America, Inc., Plaintiff-appellant, v. Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc., Defendant-appellee, 964 F.2d 965 (9th Cir. 1992)". Justia Law. Archived from the original on August 15, 2022. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of Am., Inc. | Case Brief for Law School | LexisNexis". Community. Archived from the original on August 15, 2022. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Claiming compatibility: a guide for advertising and product packaging". Lexology. January 28, 2014. Archived from the original on August 15, 2022. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Game Genie was originally meant to do much more than help you beat Battletoads". The A.V. Club. June 18, 2018. Archived from the original on August 15, 2022. Retrieved August 15, 2022.

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