Stuyvesant Square

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Stuyvesant Square
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The central fountain in the western portion of the park; the park is bisected by Second Avenue. In the background is St. George's Episcopal Church
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LocationBetween 15th Street, 17th Street, Rutherford Place, and Nathan D. Perlman Place, Manhattan, New York City
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<div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;color: var(--color-base); background:Script error: No such module "Designation".; line-height:1.5">Stuyvesant Square Historic District
<div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: var(--color-base); background:Script error: No such module "Designation".;">U.S. National Register of Historic Places
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LocationRoughly bounded by Nathan D. Perleman Pl., 3rd Ave., E. 18th and E. 15th Sts., New York, New York
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Area9 acres (3.6 ha)
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ArchitectRichard Morris Hunt, et al.
Architectural styleGreek Revival, Italianate, Romanesque
NRHP reference No.80002723[1]
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Significant dates
Added to NRHPNovember 21, 1980
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Script error: No such module "Designation".September 23, 1975
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Stuyvesant Square is the name of both a park and its surrounding neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan. The park is located between 15th Street, 17th Street, Rutherford Place, and Nathan D. Perlman Place (formerly Livingston Place) in the Gramercy Park neighborhood. Second Avenue divides the park into two halves, east and west, and each half is surrounded by the original cast-iron fence.[3]

The neighborhood is roughly bounded by 14th Street to the south, 18th or 19th Street to the north, First Avenue to the east, and Third Avenue to the west.[4][5][6] It is part of Manhattan Community Board 6.[7]

Geography

Manhattan Community Board 6 does not mark neighborhood boundaries on its map, but centers "Stuyvesant Park" in the area south of 20th Street, north of 14th Street, east of Third Avenue, and west of First Avenue.[8] In city documents, New York City census tract 48.97 (later known as tract 48) has been used as an approximation for Stuyvesant Park.[9] To the east of the neighborhood is Stuyvesant Town, to the west is the Union Square area, and to the south is the East Village.[4][10]

For its entry on "Stuyvesant Square and North," the American Institute of Architects' AIA Guide to New York City uses the area east of Third Avenue, from 14th Street to 23rd Street.[11]

History

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Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney's statue of Peter Stuyvesant in the western half of the park
Statue of Antonín Dvořák in the eastern half, not far from the site of his house

In 1836, Peter Gerard Stuyvesant (1778–1847) – the great-great-grandson of Peter Stuyvesant[12] – and his wife Helen (or Helena) Rutherfurd reserved four acres of the Stuyvesant farm and sold it for a token five dollars to the City of New York as a public park, originally to be called Holland Square, with the proviso that the City of New York build a fence around it. As time passed, however, no fence was constructed, and in 1839, Stuyvesant's family sued the City to cause it to enclose the land. Not until 1847 did the City begin to improve the park by erecting the magnificent, 2800 foot long cast-iron fence, which still stands as the oldest cast-iron fence in New York City.[13] (The oldest fence in New York is that around Bowling Green.[14]) In 1850 two fountains completed the landscaping, and the park was formally opened to the public. The public space joined St. John's Square (no longer extant), the recently formed Washington Square and the private Gramercy Park as residential squares around which it was expected New York's better neighborhoods would be built.

In the early 1900s, Stuyvesant Square was among the city's most fashionable addresses. The Stuyvesant Building, at 17 Livingston Place on the eastern edge of the square, was home to the publisher George Putnam, Harper's Bazaar editor Elizabeth Jordan and Elizabeth Custer, the widow of General George Armstrong Custer.[15]

Part of the iron fence facing Second Avenue, with St. George's in the background

The opening of St. George's Church, located on Rutherford Place and 16th Street (built on land obtained from Peter Stuyvesant, 1848–1856; burnt down in 1865;[12] remodeled by C.O.Blesch and L. Eidlitz, 1897)[11][16] and the Friends Meeting House and Seminary (to the southwest) (1861, Charles Bunting) attracted more residents to the area around the park. The earliest existing houses in the district, in the Greek Revival style, date to 1842–43, when the city's residential development was first moving north of 14th Street, but the major growth in the area occurred in the 1850s.[3] Fashionable houses were still being built as late as 1883, when Richard Morris Hunt's Sidney Webster House at 245 East 17th Street – now the East End Temple synagogue[17] – was completed,[3] but already German and Irish immigrants, had begun moving into new rowhouses and brownstones in the neighborhood, followed by Jewish, Italian and Slavic immigrants.[4][18]

Other than Beth Israel, other hospitals were located in the neighborhood as well. The New York Infirmary for Women and Children was founded at 321 East 15th Street by the pioneering woman physician, Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell.[18] The New York Lying-In Hospital on Second Avenue at 17th Street, is now condominiums, but the Hospital for Joint Diseases, a unit of NYU Medical Center is located across the avenue. Other now non-existent hospitals included the Salvation Army's William Booth Memorial Hospital, Manhattan General, and St. Andrew's Convalescent Hospital.[18] Because of the number of hospitals in the district, there were many doctor's offices on the side streets, along with quacks and midwives who preyed upon the area's immigrant population.[18]

Park

A walkway in the park in the spring

Stuyvesant Square Park, like many other city parks, was extensively rehabilitated in a more populist manner during the 1930s, when the 19th-century plan was modified by Parks Commissioner Robert Moses' landscape architect Gilmore D. Clarke, with the addition of comfort stations, playgrounds and other built amenities. The park reopened in 1937; the 1980s saw restorations of the two 1884 fountains, the preservation of the cast-iron fence, and relaying the original bluestone sidewalks in two ellipses, with renovated lawns, shrubs and flower beds. A few old trees, English elm and Little-leaf linden, still flourish. Further contributions to the park have included Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney's Peter Stuyvesant (1941) and Ivan Mestorvic's Antonín Dvořák (1963, moved here 1997).

The park is operated and maintained by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. It recently completed the fencing and sidewalk reconstruction around the eastern half of the park.[19] It is currently renovating the public bathroom in the same half of the park.[20] The Stuyvesant Park Neighborhood Association works on behalf of park patrons in the surrounding neighborhoods to preserve the park's historic beauty and sponsor temporary art installations, like Judith Modrak's Nurturing Tree (through October 2026).[21]

Surrounding area

Landmarked row houses at 326, 328, and 330 East 18th Street in Stuyvesant Square

Directly around the square, in the eponymous neighborhood, are the Friends Meeting House and Seminary and St. George's Episcopal Church – once attended by J.P. Morgan – both on Rutherford Place. On the eastern side is Beth Israel Medical Center – part of which, the Robert Mapplethorpe Residential Treatment Facility for AIDS patients, was built on the site of Bohemian composer Antonín Dvořák's 1893 home at 327 East 17th Street.[22] Hotel 17, formerly a residential building called the St. George, is on the northwestern corner of the square at 223–225 East 17th Street.[23] Nearby, within the neighborhood, is the old Stuyvesant High School building, still in educational use as the "Old Stuyvesant Campus".

The square and its immediate environs were designated the Stuyvesant Square Historic District in 1975.[3] The Friends Meeting House, St. George's and Stuyvesant High School are all New York City landmarks, designated in 1967, 1969 and 1997, respectively,[3] as are the three Italianate brick row houses with deep front yards and cast iron verandas at 326, 328, and 330 East 18th Street,[3] built in 1852–1853 at the instigation of Cornelia Stuyvesant Ten Broeck.[24]

See also

References

Notes

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Cultural Resource Information System (CRIS)". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. November 7, 2014. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission; Dolkart, Andrew S.; Postal, Matthew A. (2009). Postal, Matthew A. (ed.). Guide to New York City Landmarks (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-28963-1., p.85-86
  4. ^ a b c Bradley, James. "Stuyvesant Square" in Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jackson, Kenneth T., ed. (1995). The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300055366., p.1134
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Claire Wilson (December 31, 2006). "LIVING AROUND/Stuyvesant Square; History and a Dog Run, in One Cozy Package". New York Times.
  6. ^ Chris Pomorski, Almost Gramercy Park: Stuyvesant Square Declares Independence From a Famous Neighbor, Observer, August 21, 2014
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."NYC Planning | Community Profiles". communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov. New York City Department of City Planning. Retrieved March 18, 2019.
  8. ^ Community Board Six - District Profile and map, retrieved July 19, 2018
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Stuyvesant Cove 197-a Plan" (PDF). Manhattan Community Board 6. Spring 1997.
  10. ^ East Village, Manhattan: Senior Pedestrian Focus Area
  11. ^ a b Script error: No such module "SST".
  12. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Burrows, Edwin G. and Wallace, Mike (1999). Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-195-11634-8. p.378
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Stuyvesant Square". New York City Department of Parks & Recreation. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Oldest Fence in New York". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
  15. ^ Trombley, Laura Skandera. Mark Twain's Other Woman. New York: Knopf, 2010 Template:ISBN p.170
  16. ^ Anstice, Henry. History of St. George's Church in the city of New York, 1752-1811-1911p. 187 et passim.
  17. ^ "2005 AIA Honor Awards Announced" Architectural Record (January 10, 2005)
  18. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Federal Writers' Project (1939). New York City Guide. New York: Random House. (Reprinted by Scholarly Press, 1976, Template:ISBN; often referred to as WPA Guide to New York City.), pp. 189–191
  19. ^ https://www.nycgovparks.org/planning-and-building/capital-project-tracker/project/2199
  20. ^ https://www.nycgovparks.org/planning-and-building/capital-project-tracker/project/10724
  21. ^ pnanyc.org/nurturing-tree
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Mount Sinai Health System - New York City | Mount Sinai - New York".
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Solomon, Christopher (January 7, 2007). "New York City: Hotel 17". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 19, 2023.
  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."326, 328, 330 East 18th Street Houses Historical Marker". The Historical Marker Database. January 31, 2023. Retrieved March 19, 2023.

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