Surdas

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Template:Short description Template:DMCA Template:DMCA

Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.

Surdas
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found.
Detail of a painting of Surdas, Kishangarh style, Rajasthan, circa 18th century
Personal life
BornScript error: No such module "person date".
Gram Sihi, Faridabad, Delhi Sultanate
DiedScript error: No such module "person date".
Braj Parsauli, Mughal Empire
ParentsPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
  • Ramdas Saraswat[1] (father)
  • Jamunadas[1] (mother)
Known forInfluencing the Bhakti movements, Sant Mat,
Religious life
ReligionHinduism
PhilosophyBhakti
Religious career

Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".

Surdas was a 16th-century blind Hindu devotional poet and singer, who was known for his works written in praise of Krishna.[2] Most of his devotional songs, or bhajans, were written in the Braj language, while some were also written in other dialects of medieval Hindi, like Awadhi.[3]

Surdas's biography is most often told through the lens of the Vallabha Sampradāya aka the Puṣṭimārga. The Puṣṭimārga regards Surdas as an initiated disciple of Vallabha, and his hagiography is told in the Caurāsī Vaiṣṇavan kī Vārtā by Gokulnāth and Harirāy. Surdas' poems, along with those of other Aṣṭachāp poets, form a central part of Puṣṭimārga liturgical singing-worship. However modern scholars consider the connection between Sūrdās and Vallabha and his sect to be ahistorical.[4]

The book Sur Sagar (Sur's Ocean) is traditionally attributed to Surdas. However, many of the poems in the book seem to be written by later poets in Sur's name. The Sur Sagar in its present form focuses on descriptions of Krishna as the lovely child of Gokul and Vraj, written from the gopis' perspective.

Life and work

The Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature suggests a birth year of 1258 into a Brahmin family of Uttar Pradesh.[5] Encyclopædia Britannica states that his lifespan is "traditionally" given as 1483-1563.[6] Sources state he was either a Sārasvata Brāhmaṇa, a Jāṭa, or a Ḍhāṛhī.[7]

Surdas, whose name translates to "servant of the sun", is celebrated as the pinnacle of poetic artistry in Braj bhasha. This language is linked to the Braj region, where Krishna is said to have spent his childhood. The hagiographer Nabha Dass, in his Bhaktamal, praised Surdas for his poetic skill, especially in depicting "Hari's playful acts", a reference to Krishna's divine activities. Surdas also composed poems about Ram and Sita but primarily focused on Krishna's life and deeds.[8]

Poetry

File:Folios of a manuscript of the 'Nam Daman' of Surdas, by Babullah for Dilir Khan, copied in 1698.jpg
Folios of a manuscript of the 'Nam Daman' of Surdas, by Babullah for Dilir Khan, copied in 1698

Surdas's poetry was written in a dialect of Hindi called Braj Bhasha, until then considered to be a very plebeian language, as the prevalent literary languages were either Persian or Sanskrit. His work raised the status of the Braj Bhasha from a crude language to that of a literary one.[9]

Surdas's poems are collectively known as the Sursagar or "Ocean of Sur" due to a large volume of poems attributed to his name. The traditional format of the Sursagar is divided into twelve parts, similar to the Hindu scripture, the Bhagavata Purana. Just as the Bhagavata Purana describes the life and actions of Krishna, the Sursagar also takes on a similar feat with a majority of its poems dedicated to Krishna. Many of the poems found in Sursagar are pads, containing six to ten rhymed verses. Other subject matter covered include Rama and Sita, Vishnu, Shiva, heroes within Hinduism like Gajendra and King Bali, and the poet's spiritual struggles.[10][11]

Philosophy

Eight disciples of Vallabha Acharya are called the Aṣṭachāp, (Eight seals in Hindi), named after the oral signature chap written at the conclusion of literary works. Sur is considered to be the foremost among them.[12]

Several films have been made about the poet's life. These include:[13] Surdas (1939) by Krishna Dev Mehra, Bhakta Surdas (1942) by Chaturbhuj Doshi, Sant Surdas (1975) by Ravindra Dave, Chintamani Surdas (1988) by Ram Pahwa.

The legend of the blind poet Bilwamangala (identified with Surdas) and Chintamani has also been adapted several times in Indian cinema. These films include:[13] Bilwamangal or Bhagat Soordas (1919) by Rustomji Dhotiwala, Bilwamangal (1932), Chintamani (1933) by Kallakuri Sadasiva Rao, Chintamani (1937) by Y. V. Rao, Bhakta Bilwamangal (1948) by Shanti Kumar, Bilwamangal (1954) by D. N. Madhok, Bhakta Bilwamangal (1954) by Pinaki Bhushan Mukherji, Chintamani (1956) by P. S. Ramakrishna Rao, Chintamani (1957) by M.N. Basavarajaiah, Chilamboli (1963) by G. K. Ramu, Bilwamangal (1976) by Gobinda Roy, Vilvamangal Ki Pratigya (1996) by Sanjay Virmani.

See also

References

Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.

  1. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."सूरदास का जीवन परिचय - Biography of Surdas in Hindi Jivan Parichay". 16 September 2020. Archived from the original on 21 September 2020.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Klaus K. Klostermaier (5 July 2007). A Survey of Hinduism: Third Edition. SUNY Press. p. 215. ISBN 978-0-7914-7082-4.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Surdas Biography - Surdas Poems - Life History in English". India the Destiny. 17 June 2018. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hawley, John Stratton (2018). "Sūrdās". In Jacobsen, Knut A.; Basu, Helene; Malinar, Angelika; Narayanan, Vasudha (eds.). Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online. Brill.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Datta, Amaresh (1987). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo, Volume 1. Sahitya Akademi. p. 79. ISBN 9788126018031.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Sūrdās | 15th Century Indian Poet & Bhakti Movement Devotee | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Barz, Richard (1992). The Bhakti Sect of Vallabhācārya. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 106.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sūradāsa (2015). Sur's Ocean: Poems from the Early Tradition. Harvard University Press. pp. vii–xi. ISBN 978-0-674-42777-8.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Surdas (Sur Das, Soordas)". chandrakantha.com. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bryant, Edwin Francis (2007). Krishna: A Sourcebook. Oxford University Press. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-19-803400-1.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lochtefeld, James G. (2002). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z. Rosen. pp. 673–674. ISBN 978-0-8239-3180-4.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Aṣṭachāp | Indian Poetry, Devotional Verse, Sanskrit | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
  13. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Rajadhyaksha, Ashish; Willemen, Paul (1999). Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema. British Film Institute. ISBN 9780851706696. Retrieved 12 August 2012.

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Authority control/config' not found.

Retrieved from "https://cosmopedia.co/index.php?title=Surdas&oldid=318496"