Syrian Federation

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Template:Short description

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Federation of the Autonomous States of Syria
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1922–1925
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1922 map of French Mandate in Syria
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President 
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LegislatureFederal Council[1]
History 
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Area
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CurrencyLebanese-Syrian pound
ISO 3166 codeSY
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Today part ofSyria
Turkey
Israel (disputed)
Page Template:Citation/styles.css has no content.a The capital was initially planned to alternate between Aleppo and Damascus.

The Syrian Federation (Template:Langx; Template:Langx), officially the Federation of the Autonomous States of Syria (Template:Langx), was a federal state administered by French Mandate of Syria. It was constituted on 28 June 1922 by High Commissary Gouraud.[3] It comprised the States of Aleppo, Damascus, and of the Alawites,[4] spanning an area of 119,000 to 120,000 km2.[5] It was officially dissolved by decree of 5 December 1924 "which received its application starting on 1 January 1925".[6]

History

The Syrian Federation was founded on 28 June 1922 as a result of Decree 1459 from the High Commissioner of the Levant, Henri Gouraud.[7] It comprised the states of Aleppo, Damascus, and the Alawites, spanning an area of 119,000 to 120,000 km2.[8][9] The federation's government consisted of the President of the Federation and the Federal Council, which initially alternated between sitting in Aleppo and Damascus.[10][11] Homs was also considered a potential capital city.[12] The first session of the Federal Council opened in Aleppo on 28 June 1922 with a speech from Gouraud.[13] On 8 January 1923 Damascus became the permanent seat of government, creating divisions in the country's political leadership.[11] The Syrian Federation's only president was Subhi Bey Barakat, who claimed in his first three presidential decrees to have been elected by the Federal Council on 29 June, 1922.[14] However, according to Syrian historian and jurist Edmond Rabbath, Barakat was in fact "ineligible in the year following the end of his presidency" and therefore "appointed and not elected."[15] Barakat was nevertheless formally elected president by the Federal Council on 17 December 1923.[16]

The Syrian Federation was officially dissolved by Decree 2980, which was issued on 5 December 1924 by High Commissioner Maxime Weygand and took effect on 1 January 1925.[17] The decree merged the states of Aleppo and Damascus into the State of Syria and named Barakat president of the new country.[18]

Government

The President of the Federation was elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Council and held office for a term of one year. Afterwards, the president would be ineligible for re-election for one year following their departure from office.[15] They exercised executive powers such as the preparation of the federal budget, the nomination of government officials and the negotiation of treaties with non-federated states, all subject to the ratification of the High Commissariat of the Levant. The Federal Council was a deliberative body composed of five representatives. It studied proposals leading to the adoption of legislation and dealt with economic affairs, such as public works.[19]

Decree 1459, which created the Syrian Federation on 28 June 1922

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Batsell, Walter Russell; Garfield, Wadsworth; Colegrove, Kenneth Wallace (1927). "European Economic and Political Survey".
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  7. ^ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.; Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.; Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found..
  8. ^ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. ; Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found..
  9. ^ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found..
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Albert-Sorel, Jean (1929). Le mandat français et l'expansion economique de la Syrie et du Liban (in français). M. Giard.
  11. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Travaux de droit, d'économie et de sociologie (in français). Librairie Droz. 1963.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Damas: miroir brisé d'un Orient arabe (in français). Autrement. 1993. ISBN 978-2-86260-394-0.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Menassa, Gabriel (1924). Les mandats A et leur application en Orient: il faut convoquer les assemblées constituantes (in français). Jouve.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Bulletin mensuel ["puis" officiel] des actes administratifs du Haut Commissariat ["puis" administratifs de la Délégation]". Gallica. 1922-10-08. Retrieved 2022-07-12.
  15. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Rabbāṭ, Idmūn (1928). L'évolution politique de la Syrie sous mandat (in français). M. Rivière.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.L'Illustration (in français). 1925.
  17. ^ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.étrangères, France Ministère des affaires (1926). Rapport à la Société des Nations sur la Situation de la Syrie et du Liban (in français).
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Albert-Sorel, Jean (1929). Le mandat français et l'expansion economique de la Syrie et du Liban (in français). M. Giard.

Sources

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