TYPO3

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TYPO3
[[Programmer|Original authorTemplate:Pluralize from text]]Kasper Skårhøj
[[Programmer|DeveloperTemplate:Pluralize from text]]TYPO3 Association
Initial release1998; 28 years ago (1998)
Template:Infobox software/simple
Written inPHP, SQL, JavaScript
Operating systemWindows, Linux, FreeBSD, macOS, OS/2
PlatformIA-32, x86-64
Size18.5 MB
Available in51 languages
TypeContent management framework, content management system
LicenseGNU General Public License version 2
Websitetypo3.org

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TYPO3 is a web content management system (CMS) written in the programming language PHP. It is free and open-source software released under the GNU General Public License version 2.

TYPO3 is similar to other content management systems such as Drupal, Joomla!, and WordPress. It is used more widely in Europe than in other regions, with a larger market share in German-speaking countries, the Netherlands, and France.[1][2]

TYPO3 was acknowledged as a Digital Public Good by the Digital Public Goods Alliance in April of 2025.[3]

TYPO3 allows for the separate maintenance of code and content. It can be extended with new functions without writing any program code. TYPO3 supports publishing content in multiple languages due to its built-in localization system.

History and usage

TYPO3 was initially authored by Kasper Skårhøj in 1997.[4] It is now developed by over 300 contributors under the lead of Benjamin Mack.[5]

Calculations from the TYPO3 Association show that it is currently used in more than 500,000 installations. The number of installations detected by the public website "CMS Crawler" was around 384,000 in February 2017.[2][6]

Features

TYPO3 provides a base set of interfaces, functions and modules. Most functionality exceeding the base set can be implemented via the use of extensions. More than 5000 extensions are currently available for TYPO3 for download under the GNU General Public License from a repository called the TYPO3 Extension Repository, or TER.[7]

Compatibility

TYPO3 is able to run on most HTTP servers such as Apache, Nginx and IIS on top of Linux, Microsoft Windows, FreeBSD, macOS, and OS/2. It uses PHP 7.2 or newer[8] and any relational database supported by the TYPO3 DBAL including MySQL/MariaDB, PostgreSQL, and SQLite.[9] Some 3rd-party extensions – not using the database API – support MySQL as the only database engine. The system can be run on any web server with at least 256 MB RAM and a CPU appropriate for that RAM.

The back end can be displayed in any modern browser with JavaScript. There is no browser restriction for displaying user-oriented content generated by TYPO3. A developer setting up a website with TYPO3 would need to work intensively with the Domain-specific language Typoscript.[10]

System architecture

Conceptually, TYPO3 consists of two parts: the front end, visible to visitors, and the administrative back end. The front end displays the web content. The back end is responsible for administration and managing content. The core functions of TYPO3 include user privileges and user roles, timed display control of content (show/hide content elements), a search function for static and dynamic content, search-engine friendly URLs, an automatic sitemap, multi-language capability for front and back ends, and more.

Like most modern CMS's, TYPO3 follows the policy of separation of content and layout: The website content is stored in a relational database, while the page templates are stored on the file system. Therefore, both can be managed and updated separately.

TYPO3 defines various basic types of content data. Standard content elements are described as text, text with media, images, (plain) HTML, video etc. Various added types of content elements can be handled using extensions.

The fundamental content unit is a "page". Pages represent a URL in the front end and are organized hierarchically in the back end's page tree. Standard pages serve as "containers" for one or multiple content elements. There are several added special page types, including:

  • shortcuts (they show content from another page)
  • mount points (that insert a part of the page tree at the mount point)
  • external URLs
  • system folders (to handle complex data such as registered users)

Internally, TYPO3 is managed by various PHP arrays. They contain all the information necessary to generate HTML code from the content stored in the database. This is achieved by a unique configuration language called Typoscript.

Design elements

Designing and developing with TYPO3 is commonly based on the following elements, among others:

Page tree
Representation of all pages of a site, their structure and properties.
Constants
System-wide configuration parameters
Template
Since TYPO3 6, the system runs on the templating engine Fluid. Fluid combines HTML markup with conditions and control structures. It can be extended by custom view helpers written in PHP.
Until version 4.3, an HTML skeleton was used, with markers (e.g., ###MARKER###) and range markers, called subparts (e.g., <!-- ###CONTENT### Start --> … <!-- ###CONTENT### End -->); that were replaced by various content elements or served as a sub template. This template system can still be found in older extensions or installations.
Typoscript
Typoscript is a purely declarative configuration language. In Typoscript, configuration values are defined, which are parsed into a system-wide PHP array. Typoscript is object-based and organized in a tree-like structure.
Extensions
Added plug-ins to enable more functions. See Extensions.
PHP
TYPO3 CMS is written in PHP. Thus, most features can be modified or extended by experienced users. For example, the XCLASS mechanism allows classes and methods to be overwritten and extended.

Extensions

Extensions are the cornerstone in the internal architecture of TYPO3. A feature that was introduced with version 3.5 in 2003 is the Extension Manager, a control center managing all TYPO3 extensions. The division between the TYPO3 core and the extensions is an important concept which determined the development of TYPO3 in the past years. Extensions[11] are designed in a way so they can supplement the core seamlessly. This means that a TYPO3 system will appear as a unit while actually being composed of the core application and a set of extensions providing various features.[12]

Diagram of the basic TYPO3 system architecture

They can be downloaded from the online repository (TER) directly from the back end, and are installed and updated with a few clicks. Every extension is identified by a unique extension key (for example, tt news). Also, developers can share new or modified extensions by uploading them to the repository.[7]

Generally, extensions are written in PHP. The full command set of PHP 5.3 can be used (regarded the system requirements of the specific TYPO3 version), but TYPO3 also provides several library classes for better efficiency: Best known and most used is the Pibase library class. With introduction of TYPO3 4.3 in 2009, Pibase has been replaced (or extended) by the Extbase library, which is a modern, model–view–controller (MVC) based development framework. To ensure backward compatibility, both libraries can be used in the same TYPO3 installation. Extbase is a backport of some features of FLOW3, renamed Neos Flow, a general web application framework.[13]

Notable projects

Several companies and organizations base their web or intranet sites on TYPO3. The majority are based in German-speaking countries, such as the state of Saxony-Anhalt, the German Green Party, the University of Lucerne (Switzerland), the University of Vienna (Austria) and Technische Universität Berlin.[14] International organizations running one or more TYPO3 sites are: Airbus, Konica-Minolta, Leica Microsystems, Air France, Greenpeace, and Meda (Sweden).[15][16][17]

Releases

Version history

Legend:
Unsupported
Supported
Latest version
Future version

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Branch Version [18] Release date Major changes
3.x
Unsupported: 3.0Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 2001[citation needed]
  • First public release[19]
Unsupported: 3.2Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 17 May 2002
  • Several bug fixes[20]
Unsupported: 3.3Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 3 June 2002
Unsupported: 3.5Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 18 February 2003
  • Several bug fixes
  • Introduced the Extension Manager, allowing users to write their own extension modules
Unsupported: 3.6Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 30 April 2004
Unsupported: 3.7Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 24 September 2004
  • Simplified content-localisation
  • Extended permission system
  • Renewed TypoScript-Engine
Unsupported: 3.8Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 23 May 2005
  • Multi-language ability for the back end (introduced language packs)
  • GraphicsMagick support
  • Improved front-end search[24]
Unsupported: 3.8.1Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 14 November 2005
  • Several bug fixes and security improvements[25]
4.x Unsupported: 4.0Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 7 April 2006
Unsupported: 4.1Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 6 March 2007
  • Improved page tree with Ajax
  • Introduced Inline Relational Record Editing (IRRE)[28]
  • Improved UTF-8 support and enabling of InnoDB features
  • Current version: 4.1.15[18][26][29]
Unsupported: 4.2Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 24 May 2008
  • Many GUI improvements in the back end, including AJAX features, extended features of the text editor
  • Improvement of front-end login and extension update process
  • Current version: 4.2.17[30]
Unsupported: 4.3Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 30 November 2009
  • Modified front-end editing
  • Flash uploader and recycle bin for the back end
  • New system reports & system scheduler
  • Introduced the new caching framework
  • Security improvements with Salt (cryptography) & RSA
  • Integration of Extbase & Fluid features
  • Current version: 4.3.14[31]
Unsupported: 4.4Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 22 June 2010
  • Full back-end redesign incl. performance improvements
  • Simplified installation, first Introduction Package – a complete website template
  • CSS and JavaScript compression, HTML5 support in the front end
  • Current version: 4.4.15[32][33]
Unsupported: 4.5 LTSPage Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 26 January 2011
  • First release with long-term support (LTS), until March 2015,[34][35] incl. support of IE6
  • Extended long-term support (chargeable), until March 2016[36]
  • UTF-8 as default character set and HTML5 in back end[37]
  • Refurbished back-end forms and extension manager
  • Integrated protection against CSRF
  • Current version: 4.5.40[38][39][40][41][42]
Unsupported: 4.6Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 25 October 2011
  • Internationalization with XLIFF
  • New website form content element
  • Security & performance improvements
  • Current version: 4.6.15[43][44][45]
Unsupported: 4.7Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 24 April 2012
  • Complete accessibility for new installations acc. to WCAG[46]
  • Introduced new HTML5 elements like <audio> & <video>, improvements for TCEforms[47]
  • Introduced the Government Package
  • Current version: 4.7.19[48][49][50]
6.x Unsupported: 6.0Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 27 November 2012[51]
Unsupported: 6.1Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 30 April 2013
  • Automatic updates for the Core and for translations, e.a.[55][56]
  • Latest version: 6.1.11 [18]
Unsupported: 6.2 LTSPage Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 25 March 2014[57]
  • Second release with Long Term Support (LTS), until April 2017[34]
  • File Abstraction Layer (FAL) re-worked
  • Install Tool re-written and Distribution Management added
  • Responsive image rendering and mobile device preview
  • New documentation module added
  • Enhanced security features
  • Latest version: 6.2.47
7.x Unsupported: 7.0Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 2 December 2014
  • General code clean-up, speed improvements through outsourcing of an old compatibility layer, refresh of the visual appearance of the back end[58]
Unsupported: 7.4Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 4 August 2015
  • Backend Overhaul Vol 2
Unsupported: 7.5Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 29 September 2015
  • general code base improvements, Backend Overhaul Vol 3
Unsupported: 7.6 LTSPage Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 10 November 2015
  • Third release with Long Term Support (LTS), support until November 2018[34]
8.x Unsupported: 8.0Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 22 March 2016
  • General code cleanup, speed improvements through outsourcing of the old compatibility layer, refresh of the visual appearance of the back end. Usage of performance improvements through PHP7 requirement.[58]
Unsupported: 8.1Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 3 May 2016
  • Most notable: Doctrine integration, UX rework of workspace module, general cleanup[59]
Unsupported: 8.2Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 5 July 2016
  • Ogg, FLAC and Opus media support
  • Removed support for compatibility6 extension[60]
Unsupported: 8.3Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 30 August 2016
  • Doctrine DBAL migration
  • Tree rendering with SVGs
  • Unified linking syntax
  • PHP 7.1 support[61]
Unsupported: 8.4Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 18 October 2016
  • Mobile back end
  • Documentation API
  • Easier migrations
  • Access flexform values by TypoScript[62]
Unsupported: 8.5Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 20 December 2016
  • New form framework,
  • Integration of CKEditor [63]
Unsupported: 8.6Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 14 February 2017
  • Improvements in front-end editing[64]
Unsupported: 8.7 LTSPage Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 4 April 2017
  • Long Term Support Release (LTS), bug fixes for 18 months, security support for 36 months, until March 2020[64]
9.x Unsupported: 9.0Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 12 December 2017
  • First of five sprint releases to 9.x LTS. Refactored Install Tool into System Maintenance Area. New Page Tree user interface. New page translations[64]
Unsupported: 9.1Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 30 January 2018
  • Custom handling of URL redirects[64]
Unsupported: 9.2Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 10 April 2018
  • New Site module for configuring separate websites and languages in a multi-site project[65]
Unsupported: 9.3Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 12 June 2018
  • Additional SEO extension[66]
Unsupported: 9.4Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 4 September 2018
  • URL Routing for pages "Speaking URLs for Routing", XML Sitemap[67]
Unsupported: 9.5 LTSPage Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 2 October 2018
  • Long Term Support Release (LTS), bug fixes for 18 months, security support for 36 months, until September 2021[68]
10.x Unsupported: 10.0Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 23 July 2019
Unsupported: 10.1Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 1 October 2019
Unsupported: 10.2Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 3 December 2019
Unsupported: 10.3Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 25 February 2020
Supported: 10.4 LTSPage Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 21 April 2020
  • Long Term Support Release (LTS), fully supported for 1.5 years, security and critical fixes until April 2023[69]
11.x Unsupported: 11.0Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 22 December 2020 Support PHP 7.4 and 8.0 / MySQL 5.7+ / MariaDB / Postgres / SQLite
Unsupported: 11.1Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 23 February 2021
Unsupported: 11.2Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 4 May 2021
Unsupported: 11.3Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 13 July 2021
Unsupported: 11.4Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 7 September 2021
Supported: 11.5Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 5 October 2021 Long Term Support Release (LTS), fully supported for three years until October 2024[70]
12.x Unsupported: 12.0Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 4 October 2022 First release of TYPO3 12.0[71]
Unsupported: 12.1Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 6 December 2022 Interoperability with third-party systems[72]
Unsupported: 12.2Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 7 February 2023 Improved Back-end UI[73]
Unsupported: 12.3Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 28 March 2023 Last-Minute Features[74]
Supported: 12.4Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 25 April 2023 Long Term Support Version with 3 years of official security and maintenance support[75]
13.x Unsupported: 13.0Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 30 January 2024 First release of TYPO3 13.0 with breaking changes and new system requirements[76]
Unsupported: 13.1Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 23 April 2024 Reusable components for creating new sites
Unsupported: 13.2Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 2 July 2024 Content blocks and new APIs for integrations
Unsupported: 13.3Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 17 September 2024 Feature freeze [77]
Supported: 13.4Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 15 October 2024 LTS release
14.x Unsupported: 14.0Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 25 October 2025 First release of TYPO3 14.0 with breaking changes, the start of new backend styling, wizard for editors[78]
Unsupported: 14.1Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 20 January 2026 A default frontend theme, QR code module and more backend improvements[79]
Unsupported: 14.2Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 31 March 2026 In context editing, short URL module, mail form improvements[80]
Latest version: 14.3Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. 21 April 2026 LTS release[81]

Neos

A completely rewritten version (code-named "Phoenix") was originally planned as TYPO3 version 5.0. While working on this new release and analyzing the 10-year history and complexity of TYPO3 v4, the TYPO3 community decided to branch out version 5 as a completely separate product, one that wouldn't replace version 4 in the near future and as such needed to have its own name. Published as FLOW3, now renamed Neos Flow, it along with various other packages then served as the basis for the start of development of project Phoenix.[82]

In September 2012, the TYPO3 developers decided on the name for the new product, "TYPO3 Neos".[83] With TYPO3 Neos 1.0 alpha1, a public test version was released in late 2012.[84][85] In May 2015 the TYPO3 Association and the Neos team decided to go separate ways, with TYPO3 CMS remaining the only CMS product endorsed by the Association and the Neos team publishing Neos as a stand-alone CMS without any connection to the TYPO3 world.[86]

In January 2017, Neos 3.0 has been published, along with a new version of Flow framework and a name change of its configuration language from TypoScript2 to Fusion.[87]

See also

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References

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  64. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Development Roadmap for TYPO3 CMS".
  65. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Typo3-v920-released". 10 April 2018.
  66. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."TYPO3 v9.3.0 released". 12 June 2018.
  67. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Announcement of TYPO3 9.4 Release". 4 September 2018.
  68. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Announcement of TYPO3 9.5 LTS Release". 2 October 2018.
  69. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."TYPO3 v10 – Safe and Sound". 8 March 2019.
  70. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."TYPO3 v11 – Warp Speed". 5 October 2021.
  71. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."TYPO3 v12 – Release Your Power". 4 October 2022.
  72. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."TYPO3 v12.1 – Together As One". 6 December 2022.
  73. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."TYPO3 v12.2 – Around The World". 7 February 2023.
  74. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."TYPO3 v12.3 – Around The World". 28 March 2023.
  75. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."TYPO3 v12.4 – Here To Save The Day". 25 April 2023.
  76. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."TYPO3 v13.0 – The Ocean's Calling". 30 January 2024.
  77. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."TYPO3 v13.3-feature freeze". 17 September 2024.
  78. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."TYPO3 v14.0—We're Just Getting Started - TYPO3 News". news.typo3.com. Retrieved 2026-05-22.
  79. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."TYPO3 v14.1—New Look, New Feel - TYPO3 News". news.typo3.com. Retrieved 2026-05-22.
  80. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."TYPO3 v14.2—Refined Where It Matters - TYPO3 News". news.typo3.com. 2026-03-31. Retrieved 2026-05-22.
  81. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."TYPO3 v14 LTS—The Next Generation". news.typo3.com. 2026-04-21. Retrieved 2026-05-22.
  82. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The TYPO3 Core Team is giving a short summary about the upcoming releases of TYPO3". 3 March 2012.
  83. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dambekalns, Karsten (10 October 2012). "TYPO3 Neos and Flow – September 2012". TYPO3 Association. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
  84. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."TYPO3 Neos Alpha Releases". TYPO3 Association. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
  85. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Change Log Neos 1.0.0 alpha2". TYPO3 Association. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
  86. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Neos and TYPO3 split". 18 May 2015.
  87. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Neos 3.0 and Flow 4.0 Released". neos.io. 30 January 2017. Retrieved 9 February 2017.

Further reading

  • Michael Peacock – Building Websites with TYPO3 (Paperback) – Template:ISBN
  • Michael Schams, Patrick Lobacher – TYPO3 Extbase: Modern Extension Development for TYPO3 CMS with Extbase & Fluid (Paberback) – Template:ISBN
  • Rene Fritz, Daniel Hinderink, Werner Altmann – TYPO3: Enterprise Content Management (Paperback) – Template:ISBN

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