Tarr Steps
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Tarr Steps | |
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| Characteristics | |
| Design | Clapper bridge |
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Tarr Steps is a clapper bridge across the River Barle in the Exmoor National Park, Somerset, England.[1] The bridge is in a national nature reserve about 2.5 miles (4 km) south east of Withypool and 4 miles (6 km) north west of Dulverton.
A typical clapper bridge construction, the bridge's listing assesses it as medieval in origin. The stone slabs weigh up to two tons each. The bridge is 180 feet (55 m) long and has 17 spans.[2] It has been designated as a Grade I listed building and scheduled monument.[1][3]
Nature reserve
Owned by Exmoor National Park Authority, Tarr Steps Woodland National Nature Reserve covers 33 hectares of the River Barle valley.[4] This is mainly sessile oak (Quercus petraea) woodland, with beech (Fagus), ash, sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), hazel (Corylus), blackberry (Rubus), bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) and honeysuckle (Lonicera). It is internationally significant[5] for the mosses, liverworts and lichens which flourish in the cool damp conditions. Much of the woodland was once coppiced, primarily to provide charcoal for the local iron smelting industry. The river and the valley woodlands are part of the Barle Valley Site of Special Scientific Interest and abound with wildlife, ranging from red deer to dormice, including the rare Barbastelle Bat (Barbastella barbastellus)[6] and otter that feed along the unpolluted and fast-flowing river.
Well marked footpaths run along the valley between Simonsbath and Dulverton and to the village of Withypool. There is a circular walk from the main car park for Tarr Steps down to the river, along the riverbank for about 1.3 kilometres (1 mi) to a footbridge and returning on the other side, crossing the river on the clapper bridge. The main car park and toilets (some 400 metres (1,312 ft) from the bridge via a footpath) can be reached from the B3223 road between Withypool and Dulverton. Parking for the disabled and refreshments are available nearer the bridge, as are information panels put up by the Exmoor National Park, giving details of Tarr Steps history and design.
Bridge
Within the reserve is the scheduled monument Tarr Steps grid reference Script error: No such module "Ordnance Survey coordinates"., a clapper bridge over the River Barle. The name "clapper bridge" comes from the Medieval Latin "claperius" which means "pile of stones". It is an ancient form of bridge constructed with large unmortared slabs of stone resting on one another; this is the largest example of its type. There are 17 spans across 50 metres (55 yd), the top slabs weigh 1-2 tons and are about 39 inches (99 cm) above normal water level. The largest slab is over 8 feet (2.4 m) long and is about 5 feet (1.5 m) wide.[7] This is one of the best known monuments on Exmoor. Its age is unknown, as several theories claim that Tarr Steps dates from the Bronze Age but others date them from around 1400 AD. It has been restored several times in recent years, following flood damage. Over the years the damage provides a good indicator of the strength of each flood. Some of the top slabs have been washed away in extreme flood conditions and they have now all been numbered to facilitate replacement. The Exmoor National Park web site says
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The stones forming the spans weigh between one and two tons each and have on occasions been washed up to 50 yards (46 m) downstream. A distinctive feature of Tarr Steps is the slabs that are raked against the ends of each pier to break the force of the river and divert floating debris. Despite this, much of the damage has been due to debris such as branches floating down with the flood and battering the bridge. Debris used to be removed once a year by farmers from the Dulverton and Hawkridge sides of the river but since the flood of 1952 it has been trapped by cables strung across the river upstream of the bridge.[8]
The bridge was badly damaged by floodwater on 22 December 2012 when steel wires upstream (designed to protect the bridge from damaging debris) were broken by fallen trees washed down the river.[9][10][11] Floodwaters carried away part of the bridge again on 21 November 2016, and it has since been rebuilt.[12]
See also
References
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- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Tarr Steps". historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 9 May 2007.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Leete-Hodge, Lornie (1985). Curiosities of Somerset. Bodmin: Bossiney Books. pp. 63–64. ISBN 0-906456-98-3.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Tarr steps". Listed Buildings Online. English Heritage. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Tarr Steps Woodland NNR". Natural England. Retrieved 31 January 2010.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Tarr Steps and the Exmoor National Park". Everything Exmoor. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Walker, M.D. (2006). "Barbastelle Bat Barbastella barbastellus". British Bats. Retrieved 8 September 2008.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Otter, R.A. (1994). Civil Engineering Heritage: Southern England. London: Thomas Telford Ltd. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-7277-1971-3.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Floods at Tarr Steps". Exmoor National Park. Archived from the original on 7 August 2009. Retrieved 8 September 2008.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."One of Britains oldest bridges swept away by floodwater". The Telegraph. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."1,000-year-old bridge at Tarr Steps washed away in Exmoor floods, the stones have now been replaced". This is Somerset. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Medieval clapper bridge swept away in flood". The History Blog. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Exmoor's Tarr Steps partly washed away by floodwater". BBC News. 21 November 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
External links
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- Historic photos of Tarr Steps Script error: No such module "webarchive".
- Images of England record of Tarr Steps
- Megalithic Portal entry for Tarr Steps
- www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk – information on Tarr Steps floods
