Tau

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Tau (/ˈtaʊ, ˈtɔː, ˈtɒ/ <phonos file="LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Tau.wav"></phonos>;[1] uppercase Τ, lowercase τ or τ; Template:Langx Script error: No such module "IPA".) is the nineteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, representing the voiceless dental or alveolar plosive Script error: No such module "IPA".. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 300.

The name in English is pronounced /taʊ/ or /tɔː/,[2] and in Greek it is Script error: No such module "IPA"..[3][4] This is because the pronunciation of the combination of Greek letters αυ can have the pronunciation of either Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "IPA". or Script error: No such module "IPA"., depending on what follows and if a diaeresis is present on the second vowel or an accent mark is present on the first vowel in Greek orthography.

Tau was derived from the Phoenician letter taw (𐤕).[5] Letters that arose from tau include Latin T and Cyrillic Te (Т, т).

Modern usage

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The lower-case letter τ is used as a symbol for:

Biology

Mathematics

Physics

Symbolism

  • In ancient times, tau was used as a symbol for life or resurrection, whereas the eighth letter of the Greek alphabet, theta, was considered the symbol of death.[citation needed]
  • In Biblical times, the taw was put on men to distinguish those who lamented sin, although newer versions of the Bible have replaced the ancient term taw with mark (Ezekiel 9:4) or signature (Job 31:35). Its original sound value is a voiceless alveolar plosive, IPA /t/[citation needed]
  • The symbolism of the cross was connected not only to the letter chi but also to tau, the equivalent of the last letter in the Phoenician and Old Hebrew alphabets, and which was originally cruciform in shape; see Cross of Tau.[citation needed]
  • An essay written around 160 AD, attributed to Lucian, a mock legal prosecution called The Consonants at Law - Sigma vs. Tau, in the Court of the Seven Vowels, contains a reference to the cross attribution. Sigma petitions the court to sentence Tau to death by crucifixion, saying:
    Men weep, and bewail their lot, and curse Cadmus with many curses for introducing Tau into the family of letters; they say it was his body that tyrants took for a model, his shape that they imitated, when they set up structures on which men are crucified. Stauros (cross) the vile engine is called, and it derives its vile name from him. Now, with all these crimes upon him, does he not deserve death, nay, many deaths? For my part I know none bad enough but that supplied by his own shape — that shape which he gave to the gibbet named stauros after him by men
  • Tau is usually considered as the symbol of Franciscan orders due to St. Francis' love for it, symbol of the redemption and of the Cross. Almost all Franciscan churches have painted a tau with two crossing arms, both with stigmata, the one of Jesus and the other of Francis; members of the Secular Franciscan Order usually wear a wooden τ in a string with three knots around the neck
  • The title and symbol of "Tau" is used by neo-Gnostic bishops as it has some symbolism in many of the modern branches of Gnosticism.
  • For the unofficial astronomical symbol of Saturn’s moon of Titan, a ringed tau is connected to the crook of Saturn.

Unicode

For the Greek and Coptic letter tau:[25]

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  1. ^ The Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.mathematical characters are used only in math. Stylized Greek text should be encoded using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style.

See also

Notes

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  1. ^ a b c The date given on the source is after that of the archive. This is because the original publishing date is unknown, so the latest update date is stated instead.
  2. ^ The archived version of this source may take a few minutes to render the TeX math codes properly.

References

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Look up Τ or τ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

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  1. ^ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
    Template:Dict.com
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Oxford Dictionaries Online". Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on July 20, 2012.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gaifyllia, Nancy (10 Oct 2016). "The Greek Alphabet". The Spruce. Archived from the original on 28 Oct 2017. Retrieved 28 Oct 2017.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.UNGEGN Working Group on Romanization Systems (1 Mar 2016). "UN Romanization of Greek for Geographical Names (1987)". Institute of the Estonian Language. Archived from the original on 18 Oct 2017. Retrieved 28 Oct 2017.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Panse, Sonal (1 May 2012). Finn, Wendy (ed.). "The Greek Alphabet: Where did It Come From & How Did It Become Modern Greek?". Bright Hub Education. Archived from the original on 22 Dec 2016. Retrieved 28 Oct 2017.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.McPeak, John (10 Jun 2010). "McPeak, Lecture 4". Syracuse University. Archived from the original on 10 Jun 2010. Retrieved 27 Oct 2017.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.MJ, Shelton; MB, Wire; Y, Lou; B, Adamkiewicz; SS, Min (Mar 2016). "Pharmacokinetic and safety evaluation of high-dose combinations of fosamprenavir and ritonavir". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 50 (3): 928–934. doi:10.1128/AAC.50.3.928-934.2006. PMC 1426463. PMID 16495253.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.C, González; G, Farías; RB, Maccioni (1 Nov 1998). "Modification of tau to an Alzheimer's type protein interferes with its interaction with microtubules". Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 44 (7): 1117–1127. PMID 9846894 – via EuropeMC.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.M, Sjögren; E, Englund (2004). "Negative neurofilament light and tau immunostaining in frontotemporal dementia". Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. 17 (4): 346–349. doi:10.1159/000077169. PMID 15178951. S2CID 9306507.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Weisstein, Eric W. (27 Oct 2017). "Divisor Function". mathworld.wolfram.com. Archived from the original on 29 Jun 2017. Retrieved 28 Oct 2017.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Weisstein, Eric W. "Tau Function". mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 2025-01-31. A function τ(n) related to the divisor function σ(n), also sometimes called Ramanujan's tau function.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."DLMF: §27.14 Unrestricted Partitions ‣ Additive Number Theory ‣ Chapter 27 Functions of Number Theory". dlmf.nist.gov. Retrieved 2025-01-31.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Weisstein, Eric W. (27 Oct 2017). "Golden Ratio". mathworld.wolfram.com. Archived from the original on 22 Aug 2017. Retrieved 28 Oct 2017.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ghent, A. W. (June 1963). "Kendall's "Tau" Coefficient as an Index of Similarity in Comparisons of Plant or Animal Communities". The Canadian Entomologist. 95 (6): 568–575. Bibcode:1963CaEnt..95..568G. doi:10.4039/ent95568-6. S2CID 84897435 – via Cambridge University Press.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lowther, George (23 Nov 2009). "Sigma Algebras at a Stopping Time". Almost Sure at Wordpress. Archived from the original on 21 Dec 2016. Retrieved 28 Oct 2017.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hartl, Michael (28 Jun 2010). "The Tau Manifesto". Tau Day. Archived from the original on 7 Oct 2017. Retrieved 28 Oct 2017.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bartholomew, Randyn Charles (June 25, 2014). "Let's Use Tau–It's Easier Than Pi". Scientific American. Archived from the original on September 8, 2017. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Weisstein, Eric W. "Torsion". Wolfram MathWorld. Archived from the original on 29 Aug 2017. Retrieved 28 Oct 2017.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Weisstein, Eric W. "Thue-Morse Sequence". mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 2025-01-31. The Thue–Morse sequence, also called the Morse–Thue sequence or Prouhet–Thue–Morse sequence (Allouche and Cosnard 2000), is one of a number of related sequences of numbers obtained from the parities of the counts of 1's in the binary representation of the nonnegative integers.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Elert, Glenn (2023), "Special Symbols", The Physics Hypertextbook, hypertextbook, retrieved 2025-02-01, τ shear stress
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Braslavsky, S. E. (2007-01-01). "Glossary of terms used in photochemistry, 3rd edition (IUPAC Recommendations 2006)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 79 (3): 448. doi:10.1351/pac200779030293. ISSN 1365-3075. S2CID 96601716. lifetime τ
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Elert, Glenn (2023), "Special Symbols", The Physics Hypertextbook, hypertextbook, retrieved 2025-02-01, τ time constant
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Weisstein, Eric W. "Tau". mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 2025-02-01. The symbol also has a number of other different meanings in physics, for example the tau particle, tau neutrino, as a symbol for torque, etc.
  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Elert, Glenn (2023), "Special Symbols", The Physics Hypertextbook, hypertextbook, retrieved 2025-02-01, τ, τ torque
  25. ^ Unicode: "Greek and Coptic (Range: 0370-03FF)".

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