Taurini
The Taurini were a Ligurian or Celto-Ligurian tribe dwelling in the upper valley of the river Po, around present-day Turin, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.
Name
They are mentioned as Taurĩnoí (Ταυρῖνοί) by Polybius (2nd c. BC),[1] Taurini by Livy (late 1st c. BC),[2] Taurinoí (Ταυρινοί) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD),[3] Taurinorum by Pliny (1st c. AD),[4] and as Taurínōn (Ταυρίνων; var. Ταυρικῶν, Ταυρινῶν) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD).[5][6]
The ethnic name Taurini can be translated as 'the tribe of the bull'.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. It can either derive from an archaic form of the metathesized Celtic noun taruos ('bull'), or a non-Celtic Ligurian form.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.[6]
Geography
The Taurini lived between the Dora Riparia and the upper Po river.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Their territory was located east of the Iemerii, west of the Libicii and Iadatini.[7]
Their original capital, Taurasia, was destroyed by the Carthaginians after they opposed in vain Hannibal's march into Italy in 218 BC. It was refounded by the Romans after 25 BC as Colonia Augusta Taurinorum (modern Turin), at the confluence of the Dora and Po. The settlement was hit by a fire in 69 AD.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
History
They were involved in Rome's wars against the Celts at the end of the 4th century BC.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
In 218 BC, they were attacked by Hannibal, who had allied with their long-standing enemies, the Insubres. Their chief town was captured by Hannibal's forces after a three-day siege.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
Culture
The ethnic identity of the Taurini is unclear. They have been variously described as Celts, Ligurians, or more likely, Celticized Ligurians.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
See also
References
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- ^ Polybius. Historíai, 3:60:8.
- ^ Livy. Ab Urbe Condita Libri, 5:34:8; 21:38:5.
- ^ Strabo. Geōgraphiká, 4:6:6; 4:6:12.
- ^ Pliny. Naturalis Historia, 3:123.
- ^ Ptolemy. Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, 3:1:31.
- ^ a b Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found., s.v. Taurini.
- ^ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found., Map 39: Mediolanum.
Bibliography
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- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.de Bernardo Stempel, Patrizia (2006). "From Ligury to Spain: Unaccented *yo > (y)e in Narbonensic votives ('gaulish' DEKANTEM), Hispanic coins ('iberian' -(sk)en) and some theonyms". Palaeohispanica. 6: 45–58. ISSN 1578-5386.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Delamarre, Xavier (2003). Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental. Errance. ISBN 9782877723695.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Falileyev, Alexander (2010). Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. CMCS. ISBN 978-0955718236.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Salmon, Edward Togo; Potter, T. W. (2015). "Augusta Taurinorum". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.972. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sartori, Antonio (2006). "Taurini". Brill's New Pauly. doi:10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e1201630.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Talbert, Richard J. A. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691031699.
Further reading
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
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