The Pas

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The Pas
Le Pas
Town
Town of The Pas
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Aerial view
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Seal
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Logo
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Adventure Territory
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CountryCanada
ProvinceManitoba
RegionNorthern Region
Census division21
Incorporated (town)1912
Government
 • MayorAndre Murphy
 • MLAVacant
Area
[1][2]
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 • Urban
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Elevation
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Population
 (2011)[1][2]
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Population
 (2011)[1][2]
 • Town
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 • Urban
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Time zoneUTC−06:00 (CST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−05:00 (CDT)
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R9A
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The Pas (/pɑː/ Script error: No such module "Respell".; Template:Langx) is a town in Manitoba, Canada, at the confluence of the Pasquia River and the Saskatchewan River and surrounded by the unorganized Northern Region of the province. It is approximately 520 kilometres (320 mi) northwest of the provincial capital, Winnipeg, and 35 kilometres (22 mi) from the border of Saskatchewan. It is sometimes still called Paskoyac by locals after the first trading post, called Fort Paskoya, constructed in the 1740s by French and Canadian traders. The Pasquia River begins in the Pasquia Hills in east central Saskatchewan. The French in 1795 knew the river as Basquiau.

Known as "The Gateway to the North", The Pas is a multi-industry northern Manitoba town serving the surrounding region. The main components of the region's economy are agriculture, forestry, commercial fishing, tourism, transportation, and services (especially health and education). The main employer is a paper mill operated by Canadian Kraft Paper Industries Ltd. The Pas contains one of the two main campuses of the University College of the North. Across the river on the neighbouring Opaskwayak Cree Nation, the Otineka Mall serves as the area's principal enclosed shopping centre.[3]

The Pas is bordered by the Rural Municipality of Kelsey, as well as part of the Opaskwayak Cree Nation.

History

File:2009-0520-CDNtrip038-ThePas.jpg
Welcome sign

The area's original inhabitants are the Swampy Cree.

The first European recorded to encounter the Cree was Henry Kelsey, an employee of the Hudson's Bay Company. He travelled through the area between 1690 and 1692 on his way to the Canadian prairies.

During the years of New France, La Vérendrye, the first western military commander, directed the construction of Fort Paskoya near here. It was named after the people of the Pasquia River. For years the settlement was called Pascoyac, sometimes shortened to Le Pas.

In 1904, The Pas Indian Band set up a sawmill on Mission Island in the Saskatchewan River. Soon after, the band was forced to surrender their reserve lands south of the river, including the areas around the site of the Hudson's Bay Company trading post and the Anglican Church Mission, to make way for the Hudson Bay Railway and development of the Town of The Pas.

By 1908, the band reopened their sawmill north of the river, and in 1912, the Town of The Pas was incorporated and The Pas Indian Band changed its name to Opaskwayak Cree Nation.[4]

Between 1906 and 1910, Herman Finger set up the Finger Lumber Company in the area, and created a village called Fingerville for the company's workers. When the Town of The Pas was created in 1912, Fingerville was absorbed into The Pas, and Herman Finger became The Pas's first mayor.[5]

Also in 1912, the community was transferred from Keewatin (a district of the Northwest Territories) to Manitoba as part of the Manitoba Boundaries Extension Act.

The area today is composed of three distinct communities: the Town of The Pas, the Opaskwayak Cree Nation, and the Rural Municipality of Kelsey.

The history of the town and the region may be seen at the Sam Waller Museum, in the old courthouse in downtown The Pas.

Demographics

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Historical population
YearPop.±%
19211,858—    
19314,030+116.9%
19413,181−21.1%
19513,376+6.1%
19614,671+38.4%
19816,390+36.8%
19866,283−1.7%
19916,166−1.9%
19965,945−3.6%
20015,795−2.5%
20065,589−3.6%
20115,513−1.4%
20165,369−2.6%
20215,639+5.0%
[6][7][8][9][10][1][11]
File:2009-0520-ThePas-bridge.jpg
Manitoba Highway 10 crosses the Saskatchewan River at The Pas, part of the Northern Woods and Water Route.

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, The Pas had a population of 5,639 living in 2,150 of its 2,365 total private dwellings, a change of Script error: No such module "Percentage". from its 2016 population of 5,369. With a land area of Template:Cvt, it had a population density of Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Sortkey' not found. in 2021.[11]

Most of the residents are Canadian citizens (99.3%).

The median age in The Pas is 34.1 years old. Age groups are: 9 and younger (16.2%), 10 to 19 (14.7%), 20s (13.6%), 30s (13.6%), 40s (13.1%), 50 to 64 (18.5%), and more than 65 (10.2%).

The unemployment rate in The Pas (in 2011) was 7.3%.

Educational attainment (in 2011): No certificate 30.2%; High school certificate 22.4%; College 21.6%; Apprenticeship 10.6%; University certificate 10.6%; University certificate (below bachelor) 4.5%.

The marital status of those aged over 15 is: married or living with common-law partner (52.9%); never been married (32.3%); divorced or separated (8.8%); widowed (5.7%).

There are 2,324 private dwellings in The Pas, most of them being occupied (94.1%). The average number of people per household is 2.5.

Ethnicity

According to the 2011 National Household Survey,[12] the composition of its population was Aboriginals (46.2%): First Nations (26.4%) and Metis (19.8%); and white (51.3%). The visible minority population was 2.1%

Panethnic groups in the Town of The Pas (2001−2021)
Panethnic group 2021[13] 2016[14] 2011[15] 2006[16] 2001[17]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Indigenous 2,850 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 2,455 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 2,590 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 2,240 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 1,775 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
European[a] 2,045 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 2,460 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 2,850 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 3,130 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 3,815 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
South Asian 230 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 110 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 35 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 50 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 35 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
African 75 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 55 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 20 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 3 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 10 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Southeast Asian[b] 65 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 60 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 20 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 20 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 10 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
East Asian[c] 30 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 10 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 20 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 40 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 70 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Middle Eastern[d] 25 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 0 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 20 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 0 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 0 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Latin American 0 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 0 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 0 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 20 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 0 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Other/multiracial[e] 0 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 0 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 0 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 20 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 0 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Total responses 5,330 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 5,150 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 5,555 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 5,520 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 5,725 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Total population 5,639 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 5,369 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 5,513 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 5,589 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 5,800 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses

Religion

The religious makeup of The Pas is Christian (67.2%), non-religious (30.2%), and the remaining 2.6% fall into another religion.

Language

Among residents of The Pas, 93.6% speak only English, while 6.2% report knowledge of both English and French. Among non-official languages, Indigenous languages are the most commonly spoken, representing 5.6% of the population.

Culture

Farley Mowat's Lost in the Barrens, published in 1956, is the first of two children/young adults novels that are set in The Pas. The story begins at a remote trapping lodge, and then moves into the Canadian "barren lands" further north. The Pas is the main trading centre to which the book's protagonists travel to stock up on provisions and supplies to take back to their homes in the bush. The book's sequel, Curse of the Viking Grave, makes mention of The Pas.

The Pas is the site of the Northern Manitoba Trappers' Festival, which is Manitoba's oldest festival and one of Canada's oldest winter festivals. It has been held every year since 1948 and features winter activities including ice fishing, muskrat skinning, and an annual sled dog race, which is part of the International Federation of Sleddog Sports.

A 1991 CBC movie, Conspiracy of Silence, is based on the 1971 murder of Helen Betty Osborne in The Pas.

Climate

The Pas experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), closely bordering on a subarctic climate (Dfc), with long, bitterly cold winters and short warm summers. The seasonal temperature range is between −19.1 and 18.1 °C (−2.4 and 64.6 °F), resulting in an amplitude of 37.2 °C (67.0 °F).

The highest temperature ever recorded in The Pas was 37.8 °C (100.0 °F) on 19 July 1941.[18] The coldest temperature ever recorded was −49.4 °C (−56.9 °F) on 18 February 1966.[19]

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Sports

The OCN Blizzard, hockey team, competes in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League. The Pas is also home to the OCN Storm of the Keystone Junior Hockey League, the Huskies minor hockey league, and the MBCI Spartans who compete in Zone 11 of the MHSAA. The Intermediate 'A' version of The Pas Huskies won the 1968-69 Manitoba championship.

The son of former Husky star defenceman Jack Giles, Curt Giles, had a career in the NHL with New York Rangers, St. Louis, and Minnesota. The Pas native Murray Anderson was the first known locally born player to make the NHL, with Washington Capitals in the 1970s. Warren Harrison, younger brother of ex-Husky Roger Harrison, was drafted 53rd overall by the Oakland Seals in the 1969 NHL amateur draft.

The Pas Teepees were baseball champions in the Polar League in 1959. The team included several members of the Huskies, and were inducted into the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame in 2005.

Government

File:Canadian Kraft Paper mill (The Pas, MB).jpg
Canadian Kraft Paper Industries is the town's largest employer, operating a kraft paper mill

The Pas is governed by a mayor and six councilors who are elected by residents. The mayor is Andre Murphy.

The region is represented in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as part of The Pas-Kameesak riding. The seat current is vacant. The most recent representative was the daughter of Oscar Lathlin, who had represented the riding from 1990 until his death in November 2008. Amanda Lathlin served as an MLA since a by-election on April 22, 2015, for The Pas; she was the first First Nations woman ever elected to the Manitoba legislature, she died in office on March 21, 2026.

In the House of Commons of Canada, The Pas is part of the Churchill—Keewatinook Aski riding. Its current federal representative is Liberal Member of Parliament Rebecca Chartrand. She has served as MP since the 2025 Canadian federal election.

Education

The Pas' public school system is the Kelsey School Division, which consists of two elementary schools (Kelsey Community School and Opasquia School), one middle school (Scott Bateman Middle School), one alternate program and adult learning Centre (Mary Duncan School) and one high school (Margaret Barbour Collegiate Institute)

There is also a K–6 school (Joe A. Ross) and a junior high/high school (Oscar Lathlin Collegiate) on the Opaskwayak Cree Nation.

The town hosts the main campus of the University College of the North.

Media

Radio
Television

CBWIT first went on the air in June, 1962 as CBWBT-1. The station broadcast kinescope recordings sent to the transmitter from CBWT. On March 1, 1969, the province-wide microwave system replaced the kinescope recordings, and The Pas has enjoyed live television since then.[35]

All stations serving The Pas are repeaters of Winnipeg-based stations.

Shaw Communications is the local cable television provider serving The Pas, and operates the local Shaw TV channel on cable channel 11.

Newspapers
  • Opasquia Times

Notable people

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See also

Notes

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  1. ^ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
  2. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
  3. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
  4. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
  5. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
  6. ^ Climate data was recorded at The Pas from June 1910 to May 1969 and at The Pas Airport from January 1943 to present.

References

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  1. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses (Manitoba)". Statistics Canada. January 7, 2016. Retrieved February 28, 2016.
  2. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and population centres, 2011 and 2006 censuses (Manitoba)". Statistics Canada. January 7, 2016. Retrieved February 28, 2016.
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference ShopOpaskwayak was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Nicholson, Karen (February 2000). "The Lumber Industry in Manitoba" (PDF). Manitoba Culture, Heritage, Tourism and Sport - Historic Resources Branch. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Memorable Manitobans: Herman Finger (1856-1929)". Manitoba Historical Society. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Canada, Statistics (March 31, 2008). "Canada Year Book (CYB) Historical Collection". Retrieved May 30, 2016.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Canada, Statistics (March 31, 2008). "Canada Year Book (CYB) Historical Collection". Retrieved May 30, 2016.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Canada, Statistics (March 31, 2008). "Canada Year Book (CYB) Historical Collection". Retrieved May 30, 2016.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."File not found". Retrieved May 30, 2016.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."File not found". Retrieved May 30, 2016.
  11. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Manitoba". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."NHS Profile, The Pas, T, Manitoba, 2011". Statistics Canada. November 27, 2015. Retrieved February 28, 2016.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 26, 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved June 2, 2024.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 27, 2021). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved June 2, 2024.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (November 27, 2015). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved June 2, 2024.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (August 20, 2019). "2006 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved June 2, 2024.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (July 2, 2019). "2001 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved June 2, 2024.
  18. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Daily Data Report for July 1941". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
  19. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Pas A, Manitoba". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. September 25, 2013. Retrieved May 7, 2014.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Daily Data Report for January 1912". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Daily Data Report for February 1932". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Daily Data Report for March 1939". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Daily Data Report for April 1949". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Daily Data Report for May 1936". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
  25. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Daily Data Report for June 1927". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
  26. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Daily Data Report for August 1924". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
  27. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Daily Data Report for August 1940". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
  28. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Daily Data Report for September 1911". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
  29. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Daily Data Report for September 1967". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
  30. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Daily Data Report for October 1939". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
  31. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Daily Data Report for October 1943". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
  32. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Daily Data Report for November 1925". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
  33. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Daily Data Report for December 1911". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
  34. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Daily Data Report for December 1939". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
  35. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Microwave Hook-Up Gives North Live TV". Winnipeg Free Press. April 29, 1969. p. 28.
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