Third-worldism

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File:Cold War alliances mid-1975.svg
The "three worlds" of the Cold War era, as of the period between 30 April and 24 June 1975. Neutral and non-aligned countries shown in grey.

Template:Anti-imperialism Third-worldism is a political concept and ideology that emerged in the late 1940s or early 1950s during the Cold War and tried to generate unity among the countries that did not want to take sides between the United States and the Soviet Union. The concept is closely related but not identical to the political theory of Maoism–Third Worldism.

Overview

The political thinkers and leaders of third-worldism argued that the north–south divisions and conflicts were of primary political importance compared to the East-West opposition of the Cold War period. In the three-world model, the countries of the First World were the ones allied with the United States. The Second World designation referred to the former industrial socialist states under the influence of the Soviet Union. The Third World, hence, consisted of the countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO or the Communist Bloc. The Third World was normally seen to include many countries with colonial pasts in Africa, Latin America, Oceania and Asia. It was also sometimes taken as synonymous with countries in the Non-Aligned Movement, connected to the world economic division as "periphery" countries in the world system that is dominated by the "core" countries.[1]

Third-worldism was connected to new political movements following the decolonization and new forms of regionalism that emerged in the erstwhile colonies of Asia, Africa, and the Middle East as well as in the older established states of Latin America, including pan-Arabism, pan-Africanism, pan-Americanism and pan-Asianism.[2]

The first period of the Third Worldist movement, that of the "first Bandung Era", was led by the Egyptian, Indonesian and Indian heads of state such as Nasser, Sukarno and Nehru. They were followed in the 1960s and 1970s by a second generation of third-worldist governments that emphasized a more radical and revolutionary socialist vision, personified by Che Guevara. At the end of the Cold War in the late 1980s, Third Worldism entered a period of decline.[2]

Third World Solidarity

Third World solidarity is a key tenet of Third Worldism, emphasizing unity and cooperation among countries and peoples of the Global South in the struggle against imperialism, colonialism, and neocolonialism.[3] It embodies the principle of mutual support and shared interests among formerly colonized and oppressed peoples, seeking to address common challenges such as poverty, underdevelopment, and marginalization. Third World solidarity encompasses various forms of collaboration, including diplomatic alliances, economic cooperation, cultural exchange, and mutual aid. It emphasizes the agency and autonomy of the Global South in shaping its own destiny and advocating for a more just and equitable international order.[4][5][6][7]

Leaders and theorists

Several leaders have been associated with and supported the third-worldist movement, including:[2][failed verification]

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Theorists include:

See also

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Tomlinson, B.R. (1 April 2003). "What was the Third World". Journal of Contemporary History. 38 (2). SAGE Publications: 307–321. doi:10.1177/0022009403038002135. JSTOR 3180660. S2CID 162982648. Retrieved 24 January 2020 – via ResearchGate.
  2. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Berger, Mark T. (February 2004). "After the Third World? History, destiny and the fate of Third Worldism". Third World Quarterly. 25 (1): 9–39. doi:10.1080/0143659042000185318. S2CID 145431458. Retrieved 24 January 2020 – via ResearchGate.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stenner, David (2019-01-01). Globalizing Morocco: Transnational Activism and the Postcolonial State. Stanford University Press. doi:10.1515/9781503609006. ISBN 978-1-5036-0900-6.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Prashad, Vijay (2007). The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World. New Press. ISBN 978-1565847859.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Fanon, Frantz (1963). The Wretched of the Earth. Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-5083-7. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bridges, Brian, ed. (2016). Bandung 1955: Non-Alignment and Afro-Asian Solidarity. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-94703-6. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Loescher, Gil; Letiche, John M. (1987). The Third World in Global Development. Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-48247-5. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Malley, Robert (November 1999). "The Third Worldist Moment". Current History. 98 (631): 359–369. doi:10.1525/curh.1999.98.631.359. S2CID 155836302. Template:ProQuest. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Macey, David (2012). Frantz Fanon: A Biography (Second ed.). Verso Books. p. 20.

Further reading

Template:South-South

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