Tidore language
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| Tidore | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | North Maluku, islands of Tidore, Maitara, Mare, northern half of Moti, and some areas of west coast of Halmahera |
Native speakers | (26,000 cited 1981)Template:Ethnologue25 does not exist 20,000 L2 speakers (1981)[1] |
West Papuan?
| |
| Latin script, Arabic script (historically)[2][3] | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tvo |
| Glottolog | tido1248 |
| ELP | Template:Endangered Languages Project |
| Linguasphere | Template:Infobox language/lingualist |
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Tidore is a language of North Maluku, Indonesia, spoken by the Tidore people.[4] The language is centered on the island of Tidore, but it is also spoken on the neighbouring islands of Mare and Moti to the south, and Maitara to the northwest of Tidore, as well as in some areas of the neighbouring Halmahera.[4] Historically, it was the primary language of the Sultanate of Tidore, a major Moluccan Muslim state.[2]
A North Halmahera language, it is unlike most languages in Indonesia which belong to the Austronesian language family. Tidore and other North Halmahera languages are perhaps related to languages of the Bird's Head Peninsula, West Papua.[1][5]Template:Rp
Tidore is a regional lingua franca, used for interethnic communication in the Central Halmahera area.[6] Since the 17th century, it had some influence as a trade language in the Moluccan-New Guinean region.[2] It is closely related to Ternate,[1] of which it is sometimes considered a dialect.[7] Both Ternate and Tidore have been recorded in writing at least since the late 15th century,[3]Template:Rp being the only non-Austronesian (or "Papuan") languages of the region with indigenous (pre-European) literary traditions.[2]Template:Rp
All Tidore speakers are also conversant in North Moluccan Malay, the language of wider communication, and the contact between Malay and Tidore has left a great mark on the local language. There are many North Moluccan Malay and Indonesian loans in Tidore, and the language exhibits strong Austronesian influence in general.[8]
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | c | k | |
| voiced | b | d | ɟ | ɡ | ||
| Fricative | f | s | h | |||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Tap | ɾ | |||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||
A flap consonant can be heard as alveolar or post-alveolar [ɾ̠].[9]
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Open | a |
References
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- ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
e25was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Warnk, Holger (2010). "The coming of Islam and Moluccan-Malay culture to New Guinea c.1500–1920". Indonesia and the Malay World. 38 (110): 109–134. doi:10.1080/13639811003665454. S2CID 162188648.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Taylor, Paul Michael (1988). "From mantra to mataráa: Opacity and transparency in the language of Tobelo magic and medicine (Halmahera Island, Indonesia)". Social Science & Medicine. 27 (5): 425–436. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(88)90365-6. PMID 3067356.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Voorhoeve, C.L. (1988), "The languages of the North Halmaheran stock", Papers in New Guinea linguistics. No. 26, Pacific Linguistics A-76, Canberra: Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, pp. 181–209, doi:10.15144/PL-A76.181, ISBN 0-85883-370-0, OCLC 220535054
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.van Staden, Miriam; Reesink, Ger (2008). "Serial verb constructions in a linguistic area". In Senft, Gunter (ed.). Serial verb constructions in Austronesian and Papuan languages. Pacific Linguistics 594. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School Of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. pp. 17–54. ISBN 978-0-85883-591-7. OCLC 271765117.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Masinambow, E.K.M (1999). "Pengantar Ketua Panitia Pengarah Program Pemetaan Bahasa Nusantara". In Rosidi, Ajip (ed.). Bahasa Nusantara: Suatu Pemetaan Awal: Gambaran tentang Bahasa-bahasa Daerah di Indonesia (in Bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Dunia Pustaka Jaya. pp. 9–11. OCLC 44620949.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Bahasa Ternate". Peta Bahasa (in Bahasa Indonesia). Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.van Staden, Miriam (2006). "The body and its parts in Tidore, a Papuan language of Eastern Indonesia". Language Sciences. 28 (2–3): 323–343. doi:10.1016/j.langsci.2005.11.013. ISSN 0388-0001.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pikkert, Joost J. J. and Cheryl M. (1995). A first look at Tidore phonology. Wyn D. Laidig (ed.), Descriptive studies in languages of Maluku, part II. pp. 43–70.
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